Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue

Farmer, C.; Palin, Marie‐France; Hovey, R C

doi:10.4141/cjas09124

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A positive correlation as high as 0.92 AE 0.02 was observed between RNA concentrations in milk enriched MEC and milk yield. Farmer et al (25) reported higher nucleic acid content per teat in high yield bovine than low yield bovine (P < 0.05). We also observed the total RNA concentration from MEC per liter of milk increased until peak lactation and then a decline in RNA concentration was observed during late lactation.…”

Section: Expression Of Glut1 and Apoptotic Genes In Mec 155mentioning

confidence: 94%

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

Yadav

Singh

Mukesh

et al. 2014

Animal Biotechnology

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Lactation is an important physiological process in dairy animals. During lactation, up to 85% of the body glucose is directed toward the mammary glands for milk synthesis. Studies related to lactation physiology are generally carried out on mammary biopsies, which may adversely affect animal health. In the present study, milk enriched MEC were used to study the expression pattern of GLUT1 and apoptotic genes (BAX and BCL2) across different stages of lactation in riverine buffalo in relation to milk yield. MEC were enriched from milk using cytokeratin-8 antibodies coated magnetic beads. Total RNA isolated from enriched MEC showed significant correlation (r(2) = 0.92 ± 0.02) with the milk yield at different stages of lactation. GLUT1 expression pattern correlated with the milk yield as highest GLUT1 expression (4.68 ± 0.79) was observed during peak-lactation (90 days post-parturition), whereas low GLUT1 expression (1.01 ± 0.1, 15 d; 0.71 ± 0.03, 30 d) was observed during early lactation. The BAX/BCL2 ratio was high (1.02 ± 0.2, 15 d; 0.94 ± 0.06, 30 d) during the early phase of lactation, indicating high rate of apoptosis, whereas low BAX/BCL2 ratio (0.25 ± 0.03, 60 d; 0.42 ± 0.04, 90 d) was observed during mid-lactation coinciding with the increase in RNA concentration and milk yield. Highest BAX/BCL2 ratio (1.41 ± 0.3, 120 d; 4.02 ± 0.6, 240 d) was observed during late lactation i.e., 240 days, which was also reflected as decline in milk yield and RNA concentration. Also, BAX/BCL2 ratio in milk enriched MEC was in accordance with RNA concentration in MEC and milk yield at different phases of lactation. Our study showed that expression pattern of genes under study (GLUT1, BAX, and BCL2) in milk enriched MEC correlated well with important physiological properties such as milk yield in buffalo.

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Section: Expression Of Glut1 and Apoptotic Genes In Mec 155mentioning

confidence: 94%

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

Yadav

Singh

Mukesh

et al. 2014

Animal Biotechnology

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“…Milk yield and composition of sows is crucial for growth and performance of their piglets [ 1 ]. In past decades, genetic selection and improved management have increased the litter size and growth rate of piglets, resulting in an increased nutrient demand by neonates from nursing sows [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLUT1 and lactose synthetase are critical genes for lactose synthesis in lactating sows

Zhang

Guan

et al. 2018

Nutr Metab (Lond)

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BackgroundLactose synthesis rate is an important factor in milk production and quality in mammals. Understanding the lactose synthesis mechanism is crucial for the improvement of milk quantity and quality. However, research on the temporal gene changes regarding lactose synthesis during the whole lactation is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine gene expression profiles related to lactose synthesis in sows during lactation, and further identify the critical steps or key factors in the lactose synthesis pathway.MethodsTo determine the temporal change of factors related to lactose synthesis in sows, milk from eight multiparous Yorkshire sows (parity 3 to 6) was collected at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, day 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after birth of the first piglet. Lactose content, prolactin and progesterone concentration, and gene or protein expression related to lactose synthesis were measured.ResultsThe lactose yield increased gradually from D2 to D21 and reached a maximum at D14 (3-fold from D2) during lactation (P < 0.05). A similar trend was observed in IGF-1 and insulin concentrations in milk, both of which were greatest at D3 with a subsequent decrease during middle to late lactation. Conversely, milk prolactin and progesterone concentrations moderately decreased with the progression of lactation. The mRNA or protein expressions related to glucose transportation (GLUT1), glucose-galactose interconversion (HK1 and UGP2), UDP-galactose transportation (SLC35A2), and lactose synthetase (LALBA and B4GALT1) in the lactose synthesis pathway were significantly upregulated during early to middle lactation and plateaued by late lactation (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese novel findings suggest that the increased lactose synthesis in lactation was related to the coordinated upregulation of genes or enzymes in the lactose synthesis pathway, and glucose transportation (GLUT1) and lactose synthetase (LALBA and B4GALT1) might be the critical steps in the lactose synthesis pathway of sows during lactation.

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“…Yet, these two factors are obviously interrelated as heavier piglets likely have a greater ability to perform post-ejection massage of the glands, hence stimulating future milk yield. Sows producing more milk (5.25 v. 4.46 kg average piglet weight gain from days 2 to 21 of lactation) also had more parenchymal DNA and parenchymal RNA per mammary gland at the end of lactation than sows with a lower milk yield (Farmer et al, 2010). Seven days after weaning, it was observed that mammary glands that had been used by piglets and remained functional until the end of lactation were larger than unsuckled glands (Ford et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Importance Of Sucklingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Review: Mammary development in lactating sows: the importance of suckling

Farmer

2019

Animal

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Mammary development takes place during the growing and gestation periods in swine but it also continues after farrowing. In fact, a significant proportion of mammary accretion occurs during lactation and is stimulated by suckling. After piglets are weaned, there is involution of the mammary glands and the process of mammogenesis starts again during the next parity. Suckling of a teat for the first 12 to 14 h after farrowing is not sufficient to maintain lactation, and mammary involution accompanied by alterations in gene transcription will take place. The involution process is reversible within 1 day postpartum but is not reversible if a mammary gland is unsuckled for 3 days. Mammary glands that undergo involution early in lactation do not show further involution in the post-weaning period. The action of a teat being suckled does not only affect mammary development in the ongoing lactation but it also impacts mammogenesis in the following lactation. Indeed, when a mammary gland is not suckled in first parity it has a diminished development and lower milk yield in second parity. Furthermore, it was shown that suckling of a teat for only the first 2 days postpartum in primiparous sows is sufficient to ensure optimal mammary development and milk yield from that teat in the next lactation. The behavior of nursing piglets in early lactation is also affected by whether or not a teat was previously used. Such knowledge on lactation biology is essential in order to develop the best adapted management strategies for the currently used hyperprolific sow lines and to optimize growth rate of their piglets. This review gives an update on the role of suckling for mammary development in lactating sows and on how it can affect management strategies of primiparous sows.

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Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

Expression Profiling of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Apoptotic Genes (BAX and BCL2) in Milk Enriched Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) in Riverine Buffalo during Lactation

GLUT1 and lactose synthetase are critical genes for lactose synthesis in lactating sows

Review: Mammary development in lactating sows: the importance of suckling

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