2015
DOI: 10.1007/s11869-015-0370-3
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Greater nitrogen dioxide concentrations at child versus adult breathing heights close to urban main road kerbside

Abstract: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant with high concentrations particularly close to main roads. The focus of this study was on possible differences in NO2 concentrations between adult and child heights as a function of different distances from heavily trafficked roads in urban areas. Passive diffusion tubes were used to measure NO2 concentrations at heights of 0.8 m (approximate inhalation height of children and closer to vehicle exhaust height) and 2.0 m (approximate inhalation height of adult… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Clearly, studies are needed to provide scientific evidences on the efficacy of pram covers for various pollutants and under diverse weather conditions. Table 3 presents the summary of various studies measuring exposure concentrations of in-pram babies compared with adults (Buzzard et al, 2009;Garcia-Algar et al, 2015;Kenagy et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017). Irrespective of pollutants, the majority of studies show increased exposure concentrations of in-pram babies than adults ( Figure 2).…”
Section: Classification Of Baby Pramsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Clearly, studies are needed to provide scientific evidences on the efficacy of pram covers for various pollutants and under diverse weather conditions. Table 3 presents the summary of various studies measuring exposure concentrations of in-pram babies compared with adults (Buzzard et al, 2009;Garcia-Algar et al, 2015;Kenagy et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017). Irrespective of pollutants, the majority of studies show increased exposure concentrations of in-pram babies than adults ( Figure 2).…”
Section: Classification Of Baby Pramsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wind speed influence both the kerbside concentrations and the cross-wind direction help steer the pollutants towards the prams. The horizontal decay of pollutants occurs from kerbside to away distances (Kenagy et al, 2016) and the prams being on kerbside environments mean that the prams experience the highest concentrations before its decay to further distances. The above discussion suggests that factors such as meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed and direction), the built-up features along the roadside and traffic volume crucially affect the dilution, dispersion and exposure of pollutants to in-pram babies.…”
Section: Exposure Implications Due To Flow and Dispersion Around Babymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Little interest has been shown in the particles near the ground surface in forests, especially their constituent changes. An average person breathes at a height of 1.5 m above the ground (Kenagy et al 2016), where inhaled particulate matter can have negative effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health, and can even damage DNA (Hong et al 2002). Studying changes in the concentration and constituents at this height will provide theoretical support for future studies into the effects of PM 2.5 on human breathing and health.…”
Section:   mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As such, children are exposed to a greater amount of polluted air and allergens, which enters directly into their lungs with mouth breathing, bypassing potential filtration that takes place in the nasal passages, increasing parenchymal damage (Bunyavanich et al, 2003). Moreover, relative to adults, children play closer to the ground, where particulate matters are found in higher concentrations (Kenagy, Lin, Wu, & Heal, 2016).…”
Section: Asthma In Childrenmentioning
confidence: 99%