Greater Than Expected Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Found in an Urban Gender Program

Maru, Johsias; Millington, Kate; Carswell, Jeremi

doi:10.1089/trgh.2020.0027

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“… 6 , 7 , 8 This is the physiological responses that would be expected from chronic (gender minority) stress, 6 , 10 , 24 , 25 including dysregulated immune functioning, 3 increased blood pressure, heart rate, and glucose levels, 26 and decreased insulin sensitivity. 12 In particular, elevated cortisol levels and inflammatory cytokines, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. 26 , 27 , 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for diabetes is mixed, with clinical studies finding that risk of type 2 diabetes may be elevated by commencement of gender-affirming hormones (GAH). 12 , 13 Research with population-based samples, however, has not found disparities for diabetes. 10 The TransPop study even found lower rates of diabetes among transgender participants, although they did not adjust for age or other covariates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health

Veale

2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health

Veale

2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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“…This aligns with prior research reporting a 36% prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the transgender population, compared to 8.5% in the general population. [17][18] Transgender individuals have also been found to experience more negative alcohol-related consequences, such as blacking out or legal issues due to drinking. 19 The higher prevalence of alcohol use in this population may be attributed to various factors, including coping mechanisms for dealing with discrimination and minority stress.…”

Section: Alcohol Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risks Among the Transgender Population in Rural United States: Spotlight on the Appalachian Region

Ezeh,

Perdoncin,

Ogbu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Gender diverse populations have disproportionately worse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. However, the data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among the transgender population in rural Appalachia remains limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CV risk factors among the transgender population in rural Appalachia. Methods This retrospective case-control study from an Appalachian university teaching hospital clinic matched transgender individuals with controls from the same clinic. Logistic regression model was performed to determine the prevalence of CV risk factors among the transgender population in comparison to their cisgender counterparts. Results The total number of transgender and cisgender individuals identified were 89 and 69, respectively. After adjusting for age and family history of atherosclerotic CV disease, transgender status remained independently associated with tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.64 [2.59-17.01]) and prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (aOR 3.98 [1.05-15.15]). Among the transgender population, there were increased odds of obesity (aOR 13.39 [3.30-54.30] and hyperlipidemia (aOR 3.46 [1.03-11.59]) in the transgender male group compared to the transgender female group. In another subgroup analysis, transgender individuals who underwent surgical and/or hormonal treatment had significantly higher odds of tobacco use (aOR 6.67 [2.80-15.98]), statin need (aOR 3.97 [1.14-13.81], and alcohol use (aOR 11.31 [1.34-95.53]). Increased statin use tends to be associated with normal LDL levels. Conclusions In rural Appalachia, transgender status is associated with disproportionately higher odds of tobacco use, elevated blood glucose and other CV risk factors.

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“…Diabetes mellitus – type 1 and type 2 – is a demanding illness despite the availability of effective treatments that places a significant self-management burden on affected individuals and families ( 7 ). A few years ago, the question arose whether type 1 diabetes might be more prevalent in people with GI (or vice versa) than in the general population ( 8 – 10 ). Another hypothesis postulated a possible link between type 2 diabetes and hormonal treatment in GI people ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and gender incongruence: frequent mental health issues but comparable metabolic control – a DPV registry study

Boettcher,

Tittel,

Reschke

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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ContextThe condition when a person’s gender identity does not match the sex assigned at birth is called gender incongruence (GI). Numbers of GI people seeking medical care increased tremendously over the last decade. Diabetes mellitus is a severe and lifelong disease. GI combined with diabetes may potentiate into a burdensome package for affected people.ObjectiveThe study aimed to characterize people with GI and diabetes from an extensive standardized registry, the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV), and to identify potential metabolic and psychological burdens.MethodsWe compared demographic and clinical registry data of persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and GI to those without GI and used propensity score matching (1:4) with age, diabetes duration and treatment year as covariates.Results75 persons with GI, 49 with type 1 and 26 with type 2 diabetes were identified. HbA1c values were similar in matched persons with type 1 or 2 diabetes and GI compared to those without GI. Lipid profiles showed no difference, neither in type 1 nor in type 2 diabetes. Diastolic blood pressure was higher in the type 1 and GI group than in those without, whereas systolic blood pressure showed comparable results in all groups. Depression and anxiety were significantly higher in GI people (type 1 and 2). Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour was more common in type 1 and GI, as was suicidality in type 2 with GI.ConclusionMental health issues are frequent in people with diabetes and GI and need to be specially addressed in this population.

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Greater Than Expected Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Found in an Urban Gender Program

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health

Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health

Cardiovascular Risks Among the Transgender Population in Rural United States: Spotlight on the Appalachian Region

Diabetes and gender incongruence: frequent mental health issues but comparable metabolic control – a DPV registry study

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