Greater than one billion Q factor for on-chip microresonators

Wu, Lue; Wang, Heming; Yang, Qi‐Fan; Ji, Qing-Xin; Shen, Boqiang; Bao, Chengying; Gao, Maodong; Vahala, Kerry J.

doi:10.1364/ol.394940

Cited by 87 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Soliton generation in silica microresonators. A silica disk microresonator with intrinsic Q factor exceeding 300 million and free-spectral-range (FSR) around 15 GHz is used in the study 27,28 . The microresonator is packaged with active temperature stabilization 29 and operated under an acoustic shield to block environmental perturbations ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources

Yang

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Compact, low-noise microwave sources are required throughout a wide range of application areas including frequency metrology, wireless-communications and airborne radar systems. And the photonic generation of microwaves using soliton microcombs offers a path towards integrated, low noise microwave signal sources. In these devices, a so called quiet-point of operation has been shown to reduce microwave frequency noise. Such operation decouples pump frequency noise from the soliton’s motion by balancing the Raman self-frequency shift with dispersive-wave recoil. Here, we explore the limit of this noise suppression approach and reveal a fundamental noise mechanism associated with fluctuations of the dispersive wave frequency. At the same time, pump noise reduction by as much as 36 dB is demonstrated. This fundamental noise mechanism is expected to impact microwave noise (and pulse timing jitter) whenever solitons radiate into dispersive waves belonging to different spatial mode families.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources

Yang

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…Mitigation strategies include additional targeted annealing steps and dangling bond passivation to prevent the formation of unwanted molecules. It may also be possible to further increase the Q by utilizing a TM mode, which is less susceptible to waveguide roughness and has lower propagation losses 27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To-date, integrated resonators have been limited to intrinsic Q values below 260 Million for ring-based 26 and 150 Million for spiral-based 25 waveguide designs. Significant progress has been made with hybrid designs that employ an on-chip etched silica disk resonator, demonstrating 206 Million 27 and recently a record 1.1 Billion 28 . However, these designs are not fully compatible with wafer-scale fabrication, are susceptible to environmental conditions, and need hermetic sealing as well as careful mode engineering.…”

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confidence: 99%

422 Million intrinsic quality factor planar integrated all-waveguide resonator with sub-MHz linewidth

et al. 2021

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High quality-factor (Q) optical resonators are a key component for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization, precision spectroscopy and quantum applications. Integration in a photonic waveguide platform is key to reducing cost, size, power and sensitivity to environmental disturbances. However, to date, the Q of all-waveguide resonators has been relegated to below 260 Million. Here, we report a Si3N4 resonator with 422 Million intrinsic and 3.4 Billion absorption-limited Qs. The resonator has 453 kHz intrinsic, 906 kHz loaded, and 57 kHz absorption-limited linewidths and the corresponding 0.060 dB m−1 loss is the lowest reported to date for waveguides with deposited oxide upper cladding. These results are achieved through a careful reduction of scattering and absorption losses that we simulate, quantify and correlate to measurements. This advancement in waveguide resonator technology paves the way to all-waveguide Billion Q cavities for applications including nonlinear optics, atomic clocks, quantum photonics and high-capacity fiber communications.

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“…Also, a 6-fold increase in the sensitivity of the Brillouin ring laser gyroscope was reported when an ultrahigh Q silica wedge resonator (Q > 100 million) was being used [16]. Such favourable performance scaling has stimulated phenomenal progress in obtaining narrow resonances through platforms like gas-phase atomic systems [18,19], photonic crystal cavities [11,[20][21][22], whispering gallery mode (WGM) [23,24], and microring resonators [25][26][27], slow-light fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [2], and phase-shifted FBGs [28]. However, despite significant progress, there remain many challenges with these platforms.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Narrow resonances can be realized in gas-phase atomic systems using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [18,19], but they typically require low temperatures to obtain sub-MHz resonances. Photonic crystal cavities [11,[20][21][22], WGM [23,24], and microring resonators [25][26][27] usually require complex and costly fabrication steps like chemical-mechanical polishing and high temperature anneals to obtain sub-MHz resonances [29]. Impedance-matched resonator based on -phase-shifted FBGs have exhibited narrow resonances [28], but their resonance linewidth is limited to a few MHz due to their intrinsic losses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resonator-free sub-MHz spectral dip in a twisted gain medium

Choksi¹,

Liu²,

Ghasemi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ultra-narrow spectral features are desirable for a broad range of applications, from precision spectroscopy to atomic clocks to slow-light and microwave photonics, and are conventionally realized using either ultrahigh-Q resonant structures or atomic resonances. Ultrahigh-Q structure often involves microfabrication, and suffers from loss mechanisms and manufacturing variations that cannot be easily compensated, whereas atomic resonances suffer from signal attenuation and tunability is a challenge. Here, we propose an entirely new way to achieve a sub-MHz and tunable spectral feature in a resonator-free gain medium, exploiting polarization pulling in a medium with frequency dependent polarization eigenmodes. To demonstrate a specific realization, we use Brillouin gain in a commercial spun fiber and experimentally achieve a 0.72 MHz spectral dip, which is to our knowledge, the narrowest spectral Brillouin feature ever reported. Furthermore, the simulation shows that the dip linewidth can be reduced to <0.1MHz, equivalent to a Q of almost 2 billion, by optimizing the birefringence and spun rate of the fiber. We also show that the linewidth, depth, and spectral location of this dip are all tunable on demand by controlling the pump frequency, pump power, and the input polarization of the signal. Its simplicity in implementation and broad applicability, its ultra-narrow linewidth, its tunability makes this approach extremely attractive for applications such as high precision metrology and microwave photonics.

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Greater than one billion Q factor for on-chip microresonators

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources

Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources

422 Million intrinsic quality factor planar integrated all-waveguide resonator with sub-MHz linewidth

Resonator-free sub-MHz spectral dip in a twisted gain medium

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