Greater Ultra-Processed Food Intake during Pregnancy and Postpartum Is Associated with Multiple Aspects of Lower Diet Quality

Nansel, Tonja R.; Cummings, Jenna R.; Burger, Kyle S.; Siega‐Riz, Anna Maria; Lipsky, Leah M.

doi:10.3390/nu14193933

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The associations between UPF consumption and the DQI with measured biomarkers showed inverse patterns, suggesting that the two dietary scoring systems capture high and low diet quality in a mirrored manner in this population. These findings are in line with those in a recent study where UPF intake was associated with lower diet quality assessed by HEI during pregnancy and postpartum in a USA study sample ( 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this cross-sectional study based on a large cohort of Norwegian women, we estimated associations between (10). While concentrations of most vitamins were positively associated with DQI and negatively associated with the relative contribution from UPF, the opposite association was seen for γ-tocopherol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether UPF may affect health outcomes beyond its reduced nutritional value is not clear. While studies have shown how UPF intake relates to overall diet quality ( 8 , 9 ), also in pregnancy ( 10 , 11 ), data are scarce on the associations with biomarkers. Several a priori defined dietary indices have been developed to assess overall diet quality, also in pregnancy ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-processed food consumption and associations with biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation in pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank

Kelsey

Papadopoulou²,

Borge³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundA high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is often associated with low nutritional quality, but data on associations with biomarkers are scarce. We aimed to explore associations between UPF intake, diet quality, and concentrations of biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation measured in mid-pregnancy.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included n = 2,984 pregnant women recruited during 2002–2008 in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 21 nutritional biomarkers including carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene), vitamins [α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), retinol], creatinine, elements (K, Na, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn), and ferritin (Fe) were measured in blood and urine collected in mid-pregnancy. Habitual diet in pregnancy was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the relative (%) energy contribution of UPF to overall intake according to the NOVA classification. We also applied a diet quality index (DQI) adapted to assess adherence to Norwegian dietary guidelines (DQI; min–max: 0–110, higher score meaning higher adherence). We present summary statistics for biomarker concentrations and explored associations between UPF intake or the DQI and measured biomarkers using adjusted linear, logistic, and generalized additive regression models.ResultsUltra-processed food intake was positively associated with biomarker concentrations of vitamin E (γ-tocopherol), creatinine, K, and Na [βs: 5.6 to 17% increase in biomarker concentration per interquartile range (IQR) increase in UPF intake] and negatively associated with carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene), vitamin A, Mo, and Se (βs: −2.1 to −18%). Inversely, high diet quality (i.e., the DQI) was positively associated with concentrations of carotenoids, vitamins [vitamin A (retinol) and D (25-OH-D)], and Se (β: 1.5 to 25%) and negatively associated with vitamin E (γ-tocopherol), creatinine, and Na (β: −4.8 to −8.3%). A weak, positive association was found between UPF and CRP (β: 5.4%, 95% CI 0.12–11%).ConclusionHigh UPF intake was associated with reduced concentrations of nutrition biomarkers in mid-pregnancy. Associations in the opposite direction were found with high adherence to the Norwegian dietary guidelines, suggesting that the two dietary scoring systems capture diet quality in a mirrored manner in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultra-processed food consumption and associations with biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation in pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank

Kelsey

Papadopoulou²,

Borge³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, nutrition amongst women of child-bearing age is suboptimal, with nutrient and calorie intake often exceeding recommendations for energy, sugar, and saturated fat and being below recommendations for micronutrients [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Consumption of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy has been associated with lower diet quality, including in terms of total and plant-based proteins [ 14 ]. Pregnant mothers require a higher protein intake to support fetal growth and development, and both the source and amount of dietary protein may affect pregnancy outcomes and have implications for the long-term health of offspring [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies

et al. 2023

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Increased consumption of dietary pulse protein has been shown to assist in body weight regulation and improve a range of metabolic health outcomes. We investigated if the exchange of casein for yellow pea protein (YPPN) in an obese-inducing maternal diet throughout pregnancy and lactation offered protection against obesity and dyslipidemia in offspring. Sixty female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a low-calorie control diet (CON), a high-caloric obesity-inducing diet (with casein protein (CP), HC-CP), or an isocaloric/macronutrient-matched HC diet supplemented with YPPN isolate (HC-PPN) in pre-pregnancy, gestation, and lactation. Body weight (BW) and metabolic outcomes were assessed in male and female offspring at weaning and in adulthood after consuming the CON diet in the postnatal period. Consumption of the HC-PPN diet did not protect against maternal obesity but did improve reproductive success compared with the HC-CP group (72.7% versus 43.7%) and reduced total energy, fat, and protein in maternal milk. Male, but not female, offspring from mothers fed the HC-CP diet demonstrated hyperphagia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation as adults compared with CON offspring. Isocaloric exchange of CP for YPPN in a high-calorie obese-inducing diet did not protect against obesity but did improve several aspects of lipid metabolism in adult male offspring including serum total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and hepatic TG concentration. Our results suggest that the exchange of CP for YPPN in a maternal obese-inducing diet selectively protects male offspring from the malprogramming of lipid metabolism in adulthood.

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“…Moreover, an inverse association between HPF consumption and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) has been evidenced [26]- [28]. HEI is a measure for the assessment of whether a set of foods aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) [29], [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the link between gut microbiome, highly processed food consumption and diet quality through bioinformatics methods

Molina

Lacruz-Pleguezuelos

Pau

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The consumption of highly processed foods, along with other dietary and lifestyle poor habits, has an impact on health by increasing the risk of several non-communicable pathologies, such as diabetes. Gut microbiome composition, in specific, can be modulated by nutrients, deriving in different metabolic outcomes that have an influence on this high disease susceptibility and making it a possible therapeutic target for these comorbidities. In this work, gut microbiome of 60 and 46 individuals from 2 different studies focused, among other aspects, on diet-microbiome interactions, was characterised. By means of differential abundance analyses and supervised machine learning techniques based on random forest, gradient boosting and support vector machines, a set of microbial genera that could be potential biomarkers for the differentiation of individuals with poorer dietary patterns was discovered, after comparing coincidences in these taxa among classifiers and testing them for significant differences. Among these, Dialister, Phocea and Pseudoflavonifractor were suggested to have a role in the way highly processed foods affect health negatively, along with Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group and an undetermined genus from Muribaculaceae in the opposite sense. Furthermore, all the identified genera in this study had already been linked to type 2 diabetes, among which Bacteroides and Pseudoflavonifractor proved to be differentially abundant in groups of individuals with different levels of biomarkers for this disease. Nevertheless, further research via longitudinal studies and experimental validation of these genera should be carried out to confirm the association of these taxa with diet and diabetes.

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Greater Ultra-Processed Food Intake during Pregnancy and Postpartum Is Associated with Multiple Aspects of Lower Diet Quality

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Ultra-processed food consumption and associations with biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation in pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank

Ultra-processed food consumption and associations with biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation in pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank

Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies

Uncovering the link between gut microbiome, highly processed food consumption and diet quality through bioinformatics methods

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