Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Williams, Paul T.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31827b0d0a

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Avloniti showed that there is a significant increase in total WBCs of elite female national-team soccer players as well as increased their heart rates after exercise [5] . Also, a great weight loss occurred after running in both males and females [21] . However, no differences in the post-exercise systolic blood pressure or heart rates were detected among healthy young males and females after exercise [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

Sand

Flatebø

Andersen

et al. 2013

WJEM

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AIM:To investigate the effects of exercise on healthy individuals of both genders. METHODS:This study lasted 6 years and involved about 800 healthy people. Individuals were divided into females and males and further sub-divided into two groups; in the first group individuals run (or skied in the winter time) and then rested for 3 h, whereas individuals in the second group intensely cycled for 5 min. The status of health was determined by measuring the sedimentation rate and the intensity of exercises by measuring the heart rate. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. RESULTS:We observed that in the first group a significant increase of the total white blood cells, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils and to a lesser extent lymphocytes but not monocytes in the blood circulation. However, all cell types were increased in the circulation after 5 min intense exercise. No differences in the pattern of cell increase were observed among the genders. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimer were also measured in the blood of individuals who cycled intensely for 5 min to determine the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in the blood. APTT is reduced and D-dimer values significantly increased after intense exercise. However, APTT was statistically lower in males than females, whereas no differences in the D-dimer values were observed among the genders. CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that exercise whether leisure or strenuous affects leukocytosis and hemostasis in both genders. A major advantage of this study is the high numbers of individuals involved and the inclusion of both females and males values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

Sand

Flatebø

Andersen

et al. 2013

WJEM

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“…The significantly different effects of running and walking on breast cancer mortality may represent a second example where the exchangeability premise is violated. The other example is body weight . Although changes in BMI were inversely related to both changes in MET‐hours/day run and MET‐hours/day walked, the effect was greater for running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Williams

2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The purpose of these analyses is to test prospectively whether post-diagnosis running and walking differ significantly in their association with breast cancer mortality. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to compare breast cancer mortality to baseline exercise energy expenditure (METs, 1 MET-hour ffi1 km run) in 272 runners and 714 walkers previously diagnosed with breast cancer from the National Runners' and Walkers' Health Studies when adjusted for age, race, menopause, family history, breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use. Diagnosis occurred (mean 6 SD) 7.9 6 7.3 years before baseline. Forty-six women (13 runners and 33 walkers) died from breast cancer during 9.1-year mortality surveillance. For the 986 runners and walkers combined, breast cancer mortality decreased an average of 23.9% MET-hours/day [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9-38.3%; p 5 0.004]. There was a significantly greater decrease in risk for running than walking (risk per MET-hours/day run vs. walked: p 5 0.03). For the 272 runners analyzed separately, breast cancer mortality decreased an average of 40.9% per METhours/day run (95% CI: 19.3-60.0%, p 5 0.0004). When analyzed by categories of running energy expenditure, breast cancer mortality was 87.4% lower for the 1.8-3.6 MET-hours/day category (95% CI: 41.3-98.2% lower, p 5 0.008) and 95.4% lower for the !3.6 MET-hours/day category (95% CI: 71.9-100% lower, p 5 0.0004) compared to the <1.07 MET-hours/day category. In contrast, the 714 walkers showed a nonsignificant 4.6% decrease in breast cancer mortality per MET-hours/day walked (95% CI: 27.3% decreased risk to 21.3% increased risk, p 5 0.71). These results suggest that post-diagnosis running is associated with significantly lower breast cancer mortality than post-diagnosis walking.An estimated 23% of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer die within 15 years of diagnosis. 1 Physical activity may improve survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer, but the evidence is mixed, with some studies showing physical activity significantly reduces their breast cancer mortality 2-7 and others showing no significant reduction. [8][9][10][11][12] Meta-analyses that combine study results provide stronger evidence for improved survival. For example, meeting the current physical activity recommendations has been associated with a 25% reduction in breast cancer mortality in 13,302 breast cancer survivors of the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project. 13 Other meta-analyses found 29% (including lifetime and at diagnosis physical activity) 14 and 34% reductions 15 in breast cancer mortality with post-diagnosis physical activity when various study results were combined.This report tests whether post-diagnosis running and walking produce equivalent reductions in breast cancer mortality. Running and walking differ by exercise intensity. Running is classified as vigorous because it expends !6 times the energy expenditure of sitting at rest (!6 metabolic equivalents or METs, 1 MET 5 3.5 mL O 2 /kg/min), whereas walking is classified as moderate be...

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“…28 In addition, in a study of 15,237 walkers and 32,216 runners, walkers spent less than half the energy per week than did runners, and walkers were considerably heavier than runners. 29 During follow-up, energy expenditure decreased less for walkers than for runners. Although changes in BMI over time were associated with changes in both running and walking over time (in MET hours per day), changes in BMI were significantly greater for changes in running than for changes in walking, suggesting that a greater weight loss was achieved by running than by walking over an average prospective follow-up period of 6.2 years.…”

Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although many studies have assessed the impact of running on chronic diseases as well as CVD and all-cause mortality, this review focuses predominantly on prospective observational databases, including published findings from the National Runners' and Walkers' Health Study, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] the Running Aging Study, 44 the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 13,14 and the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). 11,12 We reviewed studies published in PubMed since 2000 that included at least 500 runners and at least 5 years of follow-up so as to analyze the relationship between vigorous aerobic PA, specifically running, and major chronic diseases and/or CVD and all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Major Running Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Williams [27][28][29] published several studies on the impact of running on weight and obesity. In a study of 33,480 male runners and 14,211 female runners, the body mass index (BMI; calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) and waist circumference of runners who ran less than 3 km/d were significantly related to their parents' adiposity.…”

Section: Impact Of Running On Weight and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality

Lavie¹,

Lee

Sui

et al. 2015

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

114

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Considerable evidence has established the link between high levels of physical activity (PA) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality. Running is a popular form of vigorous PA that has been associated with better overall survival, but there is debate about the dose-response relationship between running and CVD and all-cause survival. In this review, we specifically reviewed studies published in PubMed since 2000 that included at least 500 runners and 5-year follow-up so as to analyze the relationship between vigorous aerobic PA, specifically running, and major health consequences, especially CVD and all-cause mortality. We also made recommendations on the optimal dose of running associated with protection against CVD and premature mortality, as well as briefly discuss the potential cardiotoxicity of a high dose of aerobic exercise, including running (eg, marathons).

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Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality

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