Historical relevanc:
Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) is a plant whose use as a therapeutic agent shares
its origins with the first Far East’s human societies. Cannabis has been used not only for recreational
purposes, but as a food to obtain textile fibers, to produce hemp paper, to treat many physical and
mental disorders.
Aim of the study:
This review aims to provide a complete assessment of the deep knowledge of the
cannabis psychoactive effects and medicinal properties in the course of history covering i.) the
empirical use of the seeds and the inflorescences to treat many physical ailments by the ancient
Oriental physicians ii.) the current use of cannabis as a therapeutic agent after the discovery of its key
psychoactive constituent and the human endogenous endocannabinoid system.
Methods:
This study was performed through a detailed analysis of the studies on historical
significance and medical applications of Cannabis sativa by using international scientific databases,
historical and medical books, ancient Greek and Chinese manuscripts translations, library and
statistical data from government reports and texts from the National Library of Greece (Stavros
Niarchos Foundation), from the School of Health Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens (Greece). We selected papers and texts focusing on a historical point of view
about the medical importance of the plant and its applications for a therapeutic purpose in the past.
Results and conclusion:
Through a detailed analysis of the available resources about the origins of
C. sativa we found that its use by ancient civilizations as a source of food and textile fibers dates back
over 10,000 years, while its therapeutic applications have been improved over the centuries, from the
ancient East medicine of the 2nd and 1st millennium B.C. to the more recent introduction in the
Western world after the 1st century A.D. In the 20th and 21th centuries, Cannabis and its derivatives
have been considered as a menace and banned throughout the world, but nowadays they are still the
most widely consumed illicit drugs all over the world. Its legalization in some jurisdictions has been
accompanied by new lines of research to investigate its possible applications for medical and
therapeutic purposes.