Green and microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots and application for visual detection of cobalt(II) ions and pH sensing

Zhao, Cheng; Li, Xiao; Cheng, Chao; Yang, Yaling

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.029

Cited by 155 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Tan et al (2018) also believed that the deprotonation of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of C-dots at high pH leaded to the increase of surface negative charge, which caused the shift of Fermi level and restrained the electron transition of some emission centers by occupying the energy levels. Zhao et al (2019) believed that the H-bond could lead to the strong vibration coupling of -OH at lower pH, which caused the energy level broadening and increase the conformational rigidity of C-dots, bringing about the strong PL intensity. However, alkaline conditions could eliminate H-bonding effect through the deprotonation progress, resulting in the decrease of vibrational coupling and more discrete energy levels, giving rise to the decrease of PL intensity of C-dots.…”

Section: Change Of Energy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence in Carbon Nanodots

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with sp2/sp3 framework and diameter of <10 nm contain abundant functional groups or polymers on their surface. C-dots have attracted immense attention because of their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, facile preparation, and low cost. With these merits, C-dots have been used in a wide range of applications including sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, and light-emitting devices. C-dots exhibit good optical properties, such as tunable emission wavelength, good photostability, nonblinking, up-conversion emission, etc. Of note, C-dots show intrinsic pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL), indicating their great potential for pH sensing, especially in biotic pH sensing. In this review, we systematically summarize the pH-sensitive PL properties and the pH-sensitive PL mechanism, as well as recent research progress of C-dots in pH sensing. The current challenges of pH-sensitive C-dots and their future research focus are also proposed here. We anticipate this review might be of great significance for understanding the characteristics of pH-sensitive C-dots and the development of photoluminescent nanomaterials with pH-sensitive properties.

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Section: Change Of Energy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence in Carbon Nanodots

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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“…The quantum yield of the prepared CDs was calculated according to the established method by using the following equation: where η, A , Φ, and I are the refractive index of the solvent, absorbance at the excitation wavelength, quantum yield, and integrated fluorescence intensity, respectively 22 . The subscript R refers to the reference fluorophore of known quantum yield while the terms with the subscript s indicate the synthesized CDs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former approach involves techniques such as laser ablation, arc discharge, and electrochemical techniques, whereas the bottom-up approach comprises techniques like hydrothermal treatment, solvothermal treatment, chemical treatment, plasma treatment, and microwave synthesis 1 , 21 . Among the aforementioned synthesis techniques, microwave-assisted synthesis is gaining more attention since it is considered as a green and economical approach that provides fast heating and easy to scale up without suffering thermal gradient effects 20 , 22 . Several articles on the successful synthesis of CDs using microwave-assisted synthesis have been reported 20 , 22 – 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the aforementioned synthesis techniques, microwave-assisted synthesis is gaining more attention since it is considered as a green and economical approach that provides fast heating and easy to scale up without suffering thermal gradient effects 20 , 22 . Several articles on the successful synthesis of CDs using microwave-assisted synthesis have been reported 20 , 22 – 24 . For instance, using citric acid, urea, and thiourea as the raw materials, CDs with the capability in detecting mercury and iodide compounds in aqueous solution have been successfully fabricated through microwave-assisted method 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to scale up without suffering thermal gradient effects 20,22 . Several articles on the successful synthesis of CDs using microwave-assisted synthesis have been reported 20,[22][23][24] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots

Ang

Mee

Sambudi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In the present work, palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass waste has been used as a low-cost and easily available precursor to prepare carbon dots (CDs) via microwave irradiation method. The impacts of the reacting medium: water and diethylene glycol (DEG), and irradiation period, as well as the presence of chitosan on the CDs properties, have been investigated. The synthesized CDs were characterized by several physical and optical analyses. The performance of the CDs in terms of bacteria cell imaging and copper (II) ions sensing and removal were also explored. All the CDs possessed a size of 6–7 nm in diameter and the presence of hydroxyl and alkene functional groups indicated the successful transformation of PKS into CDs with carbon core consisting of C = C elementary unit. The highest quantum yield (44.0%) obtained was from the CDs synthesised with DEG as the reacting medium at irradiation period of 1 min. It was postulated that the high boiling point of DEG resulted in a complete carbonisation of PKS into CDs. Subsequently, the absorbance intensity and photoluminescence intensity were also much higher compared to other precursor formulation. All the CDs fluoresced in the bacteria culture, and fluorescence quenching occurred in the presence of heavy metal ions. These showed the potential of CDs synthesised from PKS could be used for cellular imaging and detection as well as removal of heavy metal ions.

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Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Ghasemlou,

PN,

Alexander

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the last two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well‐defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer‐related applications of nanocarbons and how they could be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large‐scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high‐performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Green and microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots and application for visual detection of cobalt(II) ions and pH sensing

Cited by 155 publications

References 47 publications

A Mini Review on pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence in Carbon Nanodots

A Mini Review on pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence in Carbon Nanodots

Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots

Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy

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