The issue of how to balance between development and sustainability in the process of urbanisation has been an important research theme. With the acceleration of global urbanisation, people are increasingly concerned about how to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental protection in the process of urbanisation. This research aims to explore in depth the interrelationship between urbanisation and sustainable development through the method of literature research, to explore the solutions to the social inequality problems of income disparity and educational inequality due to accelerated urbanisation, and to provide practical guidelines for sustainable urban development. The significance of this research is twofold. Firstly, it helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between urbanisation and sustainable development. This paper explores the problems and challenges of urbanisation and proposes solutions accordingly. This will provide theoretical support and guidance for achieving sustainable urban development. Secondly, this research argues that the negative environmental impacts of rapid urbanisation can be effectively mitigated by adopting a range of measures. This may include improving urban planning and design, enhancing resource utilisation efficiency, and promoting green technologies and innovative financing. By researching these approaches, theoretical support for sustainable development can be provided to policymakers, urban planners and the community to help them make informed decisions and take effective action in the process of urbanisation.