Green Chemistry and the Biorefinery: A Partnership for a Sustainable Future

Clark, James H.

doi:10.1002/chin.200705269

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5 Low value agricultural and forestry residues, grasses and energy crops are preferred sources of biomass for manufacturing bio-products from both a techno-and socio-economical point of view, as the biomass feedstock does not compete with the food chain. 6,7 A substantial amount of research is currently being carried out worldwide to identify attractive chemical transformations of biomass into bulk organic chemicals. 7 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Denver,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

Rackemann

Doherty

2011

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

590

361

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Biomass represents an abundant and relatively low cost carbon resource that can be utilized to produce platform chemicals such as levulinic acid. Current processing technology limits the cost-effective production of levulinic acid in commercial quantities from biomass. The key to improving the yield and effi ciency of levulinic acid production from biomass lies in the ability to optimize and isolate the intermediate products at each step of the reaction pathway and reduce re-polymerization and side reactions. New technologies (including the use of microwave irradiation and ionic liquids) and the development of highly selective catalysts would provide the necessary step change for the optimization of key reactions. A processing environment that allows the use of biphasic systems and/or continuous extraction of products would increase reaction rates, yields and product quality. This review outlines the chemistry of levulinic acid synthesis and discusses current and potential technologies for producing levulinic acid from lignocellulosics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

Rackemann

Doherty

2011

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

590

361

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“…HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural) derived from hexose sugars can be oxidized to obtain 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, which can substitute terephthalic acid (PTA) in the production of polyesters and other current polymers containing an aromatic moiety [6]. The idea of transforming biomass to energy, materials, and chemicals, defines the concept of a biorefinery [7][8][9][10], particularly being an interesting topic nowadays, considering the issues related to fossil combustibles and derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal conditions for hemicelluloses extraction from Eucalyptus globulus wood: hydrothermal treatment in a semi-continuous reactor

Gallina

Cabeza

Biasi

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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Optimal conditions for hemicellulose extraction from wooden biomass in a semi-continuous system have been assessed in this work. This study would constitute the first stage for a profitable and green industrial process. Eucalyptus globulus was selected as raw material due to its low water consumption, high growth and its efficiency in lignocellulose production. Moreover its cultivation is very popular in southern Europe. Samples of 5.0 g of wood were fractioned using a pressurized hot water semicontinuous system, to produce sugars (pentoses and hexoses) and a solid residue enriched in lignin.Five flow rates between 2.50 and 20.00 mL/min and four temperatures between 135.0 and 285.0 ºC were tested in order to maximize the production of sugars, avoiding the formation of degradation products.Optimum conditions for the extraction of hemicellulose were identified at 185.0 ºC and 5.00 mL/min, leading to a pentoses yield of 67.409 wt%, with 0.702 wt% of degradation products. Almost all the pulp is extracted at 285.0 ºC. SEM images show very well the changes in the wood structure at different temperatures.A kinetic model was developed, describing the extraction and hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose with absolute average deviations around 10 % for sugar extracted mass.

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“…This new source could be biomass [1], which can be transformed into bioenergy, biochemical and biofuels in biorefineries [2,3]. However, the design of these biorefineries requires knowledge about the conversion from raw material to fuels and fast, cheap and accurate biomass-analysing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autocatalytic kinetic model for thermogravimetric analysis and composition estimation of biomass and polymeric fractions

Cabeza

Sobrón

Yedro

et al. 2015

Fuel

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A comprehensive kinetic model of slow pyrolysis of biomass during a Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been developed, including the simulation of variable heating rates, composition estimation and structural analysis of biomass.Biomass was assumed as a matrix of three solid global components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) in which water and oil can be also present.Kinetics were based on an auto-catalytic model because it can simulate the degradation in cellulosic materials, as the cleavage of the biopolymers produce oligomers that accelerate the further depolymerisation. The reaction pathway followed the Waterloo's mechanism, which stablishes that all solid compounds decompose into volatiles and charcoal. This mechanism was completed by the vaporization of water and oil, and assuming that the formed charcoal can break into volatiles by a slow reaction. The set was solved by the 8 th Runge-Kutta's method and validated by the Simplex Nelder-Mead and Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno's methods. The development of this model has a high interest because it can help to understand how the conversion from biomass to biochemicals takes place.To assess what parameters can affect the thermal degradation of biomass pure polymeric samples of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin and complex samples (seeds and woody biomass) were studied and fitted. Two types of operations were consideredtoo. An isothermal degradation from 150ºC up to 350ºC with increments of 50ºC, and a non-isothermal decomposition with heating rate of 5ºC/min, 10ºC/min and 20ºC/min up to temperatures around 800ºC, depending on the studied sample. Average absolute deviations lower than 7% were obtained. It was deduced that there are some interactions between the three main biomass compounds. These interactions were observed by the variations in the kinetic parameters between complex and pure 2 samples, also they were perceived between the isothermal and no-isothermal way. On the other hand, an effect of the biomass structure has been reported by the differences between the kinetics of the seeds and of the woody samples. It is remarkable that the developed model could reproduce the cellulose decomposition with a variable heating rate using a unique set of kinetic parameters. This was possible by a no-Arrhenius' dependence with temperature. In the same way, it was used to predict the initial composition of the studied biomass with deviations lower than 7% for lignin and cellulose.

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Green Chemistry and the Biorefinery: A Partnership for a Sustainable Future

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

The conversion of lignocellulosics to levulinic acid

Optimal conditions for hemicelluloses extraction from Eucalyptus globulus wood: hydrothermal treatment in a semi-continuous reactor

Autocatalytic kinetic model for thermogravimetric analysis and composition estimation of biomass and polymeric fractions

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