Green Chemistry: Introduction to the Basic Principles

Reactive deep eutectic solvents for EDC-mediated amide synthesis

“…Over the last few decades, green chemistry has emerged as a pivotal scientific approach that addresses the intrinsic challenges of conventional chemical processes while prioritizing environmental sustainability, 1,2 minimizing waste, toxicity, and energy consumption, and maximizing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. 3,4 The syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been associated with resource-intensive procedures, generating substantial waste and environmental impact, 5,6 and often involving the use of hazardous chemicals. 7 In this context, green chemistry offers an alternative resource, where sustainability is integrated into all stages of drug discovery, development, and production.…”

Toxicity, Hazards, and Safe Handling of Primary Aromatic Amines

“…PAAs are used in the industrial production of dye, rubber, and pharmaceutical products as raw materials or intermediates. Aniline and its chlorinated analogues, phenylenediamine, and diphenylamine, are widely used in producing carbamate and urethane pesticides, dyes, cosmetics, and medications . In the rubber sector, these amines are used as antioxidants, antiozonants, and building blocks for epoxy and polyurethane polymers .…”

“…Aniline and its chlorinated analogues, phenylenediamine, and diphenylamine, are widely used in producing carbamate and urethane pesticides, dyes, cosmetics, and medications. 2 In the rubber sector, these amines are used as antioxidants, antiozonants, and building blocks for epoxy and polyurethane polymers. 3 Due to several industrial applications of PAAs, they are discharged into the atmosphere, water, and soil and are a significant source of carcinogenic environmental pollutants.…”