Green Chemistry Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential Anticancer Effects

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology has grown rapidly and become an integral part of modern disease diagnosis and treatment. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a class of eco-friendly, cost-effective and biocompatible agents that have attracted attention for their possible biomedical and bioengineering applications. Like many other inorganic and organic nanoparticles, such as AuNPs, iron oxide and quantum dots, AgNPs have also been widely studied as components of advanced anticancer agents in order to better manage cancer in the clinic. AgNPs are typically produced by the action of reducing reagents on silver ions. In addition to numerous laboratory-based methods for reduction of silver ions, living organisms and natural products can be effective and superior source for synthesis of AgNPs precursors. Currently, plants, bacteria and fungi can afford biogenic AgNPs precursors with diverse geometries and surface properties. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and achievements in biogenic AgNPs synthesis and their potential uses as anticancer agents.

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“…Also, the exact mechanism of anticancer effects of FeNPs is yet unknown. Nevertheless, different hypotheses have been proposed by researchers in this regard, such as induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the mitochondrial pathway in some cancer cell lines [ 70 , 79 ]. In some other references, the cytotoxicity of FeNPs is related to their size and shape.…”

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“…On the other hand, AgNPs applied on the surface of the guinea pig skin caused the local inflammatory reaction and penetrated deeper parts of the body, causing slight damage to the liver and spleen. In Danio rerio , a delay in egg hatching, body axis disorder, dorsal strand and cardiac arrhythmias were noted, while in mice, a fibrosarcoma was observed [ 95 ]. Inhalation of AgNPs is the most dangerous threat to human health.…”

“…Thus, characterization of the PC could allow the detection of otherwise undetectable changes in protein concentration at an early stage of the disease or after chemotherapy or breast surgery using liquid chromatography methods, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with confirmation through a sequence window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) with an AgNP size of approximately 10 nm. These AgNPs, interacting with human blood serum, can also be helpful in diagnosing other diseases defined as civilization [ 94 , 95 , 126 , 127 ].…”

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“…Application of nanotechnology in combating cancer has unfolded the new avenues for interdisciplinary research involving the different fields like biology, chemistry, engineering and medicine for diagnosis, detection and treatment [ 85 ]. In recent times, Myocet™ (Perrigo, Dublin, Ireland), Doxil ® (Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) and Abraxane ® (Celgene, Summit, NJ, USA), the nano-based anti-cancerous drugs have been approved for clinical use by Food and Drug Administration (FDA-USA) [ 86 ].…”