Green chicory leaf extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects through suppressing LPS-induced MAPK/NF-κB activation and hepatoprotective activity in vitro

Abstract

Green chicory (Cichorium intybus) leaf is consumed worldwide that has tremendous bio-functional activities. This study was designed to elucidate the bio-functional activities of the green chicory leaf extract (CLE). Trolox equivalent antioxidant activities were carried out against DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. CLE showed remarkable hepatoprotective activity against oxidative damages and reactive oxygen species reducing effect in RAW 264.7 and Hep G2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects performed on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and primary spleen cells. In RAW 264.7 cells, Chicory leaf extract significantly restored the iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in mRNA expression. Meanwhile, it restored NF-κB (P-65) and MAPK pathways activation in immunoblot assay dose-dependently and repressed the P-65 translocation in the nucleus. Moreover, it showed notable anti-proliferative activities and downregulated NF-κB (P-65) and MAPK activation in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Our findings suggest that CLE could be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. ARTICLE HISTORY

Plant Response to Mechanically-Induced Stress: A Case Study on Specialized Metabolites of Leafy Vegetables

“…Lettuce and chicory plants that were more mechanically stimulated (Tables 1 and 2), i.e., exposed to MIS, also showed higher levels of polyphenolic compounds, especially total phenols and flavonoids. It should be emphasized that regardless of the mechanical treatment, i.e., MIS, the samples of lettuce and green chicory are rich in polyphenolic compounds and the results of total phenolics (TPC) are generally in agreement with other literature data, with the values of polyphenolic compounds obtained in this study for lettuce and green chicory not mechanically treated (control samples) similar or slightly lower than the data reported by other authors [36][37][38][39][40]. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that mechanical stimulation induces plant responses in direct response to stress exposure, as evidenced by the increased content of polyphenolic compounds in the lettuce and chicory samples in the MC treatments.…”

“…Based on the above mentioned and obtained results, it can be concluded that that cultivated leafy vegetables abound antioxidants and thus present a high value nutritional raw material. According to other studies, the lettuce and green chicory species analyzed in this study, regardless of MIS, are vegetables that have significant antioxidant properties, i.e., high levels of antioxidant capacity [32,37,47].…”

Effect of sandalwood oil on inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation and lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammation through down-regulation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways

“…5). Blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and represses the COX-2 [35,36]. In the present study, sandalwood oil could effectively inhibit COX-2 expression by effectively reducing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Contemporary Insights on Antibacterial and Pharmacological Importance of Cichorium intybus: A Compendious Review

“…Ethanolic extract fraction Antioxidant activity [111] Tannins Anti-diabetic [40] Aqueous extracts Cardioprotective [112] Cichoric acid Anti-hepatitis B [113] Ethanol extract Anti-inflammatory [114] Aqueous extract Bone protection [115] Aqueous-alcoholic macerate Anti-proliferative [116] Hydroalcholic extract Hepatoprotective [117] Aqueous & ethanolic extract Anti-ulcer [94] Crude hydrophilic extracts Antioxidant [89]…”