Green Communications: A Call for Power Efficient Wireless Systems

Abstract

Telecommunication usage has skyrocketed in recent years and will continue to grow as developing world reaches to wireless as the communication medium of choice. The telecommunications world is only now addressing the significant environmental impact it is creating as well as the incredible cost on power usage. This realization has led to a push towards Green Communications that strives for improving energy efficiency as well as energy independence of telecommunications. A survey of existing metrics for energy efficiency is discussed with specific adaptations for a communication centric viewpoint. This paper reviews recent energy efficient advances made at specific point within the communications cycle such as components, network operation and topology, and incorporating renewable and alternative energy into base stations. We further survey several holistic approaches that illustrate the dependencies between layers of the communications stack and operation/deployment. These approaches include cross layer design, cognitive radio, and wireless distributed computing

Energy Efficiency Architecture Design for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

“…Presently, the attention is mainly focused on solutions involving a single radio base station; we believe network solutions involving multiple networks/systems will be the most promising technologies towards green wireless access networks. A survey of existing metrics for energy efficiency is discussed in with specific adaptations for a communication centric viewpoint. Wang and Shen investigated the cell's energy efficiency and area‐energy efficiency measured by “bit per Joule” and “energy efficiency per unit area.” The most popular one is “bit‐per‐Joule,” which is defined as the system throughput for unit‐energy consumption.…”

“…Then, we conclude that (i) different network‐level Energy efficiency (EE) metrics should be designed for different entities in the networks, and it deserves more research attention ; (ii) different communication environments always call for different EE metrics ); and (iii) different cases (multiple networks and systems ) and constraints (imperfect channel information , circuit power ) also call for different metrics in different units (joules per bit , bits per joule, or energy efficiency per unit area ). In summary, different entities, for example, operators, core and radio access networks, and terminals value differently the specific energy efficiency metrics.…”

Low Complex Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Femtocell Networks

“…Since [ 1] bm Based on the above analysis, we firstly allocate power equally to each subchannel before subchannel allocation. Secondly, we propose a suboptimal subchannel allocation algorithm based on (27).…”

“…With the exponential growth of mobile data traffics, wireless communication networks play a more and more important role in the global emissions of carbon dioxide [1]- [2]. Obviously, the growing energy cost will cause a significant operational expense (OPEX) for mobile operators.…”

A high energy-efficient cooperative content distribution scheme for wireless networks

“…The bandwidth constraints for mobile networks limit the users' bit rates, which leads to a higher download delay and more energy consumption of MTs. The energy consumption of MTs is one of key limiting factors in future mobile networks, which together with the transmission delay affects users' experience [1], [2].…”