Green electrode for Pb^2+ sensing based on the Nafion-graphene/CNT composite

Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements

“…Over the last few years, SPEs loaded with various types of nanomaterials have been increasingly exploited in order to improve the analytical performance of electroplated Bi electrodes. The use of SPEs modified with AuNPs [ 58 ], multiwall carbon nanotubes [ 59 , 60 ], multiwall carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid [ 61 ], Nafion/carbon nanotubes [ 62 ], Nafion/ionic liquid/graphene [ 63 ], graphene/polyaniline/polystyrene nanoporous fibers [ 64 ], Nafion–graphene/carbon nanotubes [ 65 ], reduced graphene oxide [ 66 ], and electrochemically reduced graphene/ionic liquid [ 67 ] have been reported. In addition, the modification of the electrode surface with permselective coatings (e.g., Nafion) improves the robustness and the interferences due to macromolecules present in complex samples [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 26 , 68 ].…”

Evaluation of the electrochemical response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in water – Nafion®

“…SPE does not require polishing, helps reduce sample volume, waste amount, and response time; avoids sample pre-treatment; and favors sensibility, stability, decentralization, and in situ speed measurement. SPEs operate at room temperature and have a reconfigurable format ( Ferrari et al, 2021 ; W. Huang et al, 2003 ; Lee et al, 2007 ; Lien et al, 2012 ; Umasankar et al, 2007 ; J. Wang et al, 2003 ; Wu and Hu, 2004 ; Yang et al, 2010 , 2013 ; Yusof et al, 2012 ).…”