Green Essence of Plant Resources Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Renewable Distinctions, Size‐Shape‐Modulated Physicochemical Diversity and Emerging Biomedical‐Environmental Usefulness

Abstract

The natural essence, biocompatibility, and pleiotropic functioning of plant polyphenols have swiftly emerged as integrated assets for biomedical and environmental applications of plant resources capped ZnO NPs. Simultaneous reducing cum capping abilities, synergistic edible prospects, and precursor‐plant extract stoichiometry‐driven robust size‐shape modulation are the major encouragements being explored for increasing recent interest in biomedical‐environmental applications of plant extracts (PEs) capped ZnO NPs. The structure‐function dynamics of extracts from leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, and whole plants sum up the multifaceted applications of polyphenols‐capped ZnO NPs. Recent interest in plant resources' biomedical and environmental utility capped ZnO NPs mandates discussing the correlative mechanisms for sustainable future insights. PEs capped ZnO NPs as drug carriers and sensing agents significantly moderate the toxic chemotherapeutic drug intake via enhanced tumor cell internalization, aided by synergistic immune‐modulating actions of constituent phytochemicals. On the environmental front, integrated antioxidant features of plant resources and ZnO NPs make them potent degrading agents for the sustainable degradation of persisting effluents. Keeping the above aspects in mind, this review article focuses on the correlative mechanisms underlying the biomedical and environmental remediation applications of plant resources made ZnO NPs. This article would augment the awareness of ZnO NPs multifaceted applications for consolidating the understanding of predictive mechanistic controls.