Green Extraction of Hodgsonia heteroclita Oilseed Cake Powder to Obtain Optimal Antioxidants and Health Benefits

Abstract

Most biowaste produced by domestic food preparation and food processing has no value, is difficult to manage, and is detrimental to the environment. Oil extraction from Hodgsonia heteroclita seeds produces large amounts of oilseed cake powder (OCP) as biowaste. The extraction of residual phytochemicals using simple and eco-friendly methods can increase the economic utility of OCP. This study optimized the extraction process for Hodgsonia heteroclita OCP using a Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. The optimized extraction condition was 30 °C for 5 h in 50% (v/v) ethanol, giving a total phenolic content (TPC) of 414.23 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g dry weight (DW). Phytochemical profiles of OCP using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ECI-MS/MS) identified 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid as the major compounds. Antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory activities toward the major enzymes involved in obesity (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV)), Alzheimer’s disease (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase-1 (BACE-1)), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE), and genotoxicity were also investigated. Results showed that H. heteroclita OCP possessed antioxidant activity and potential inhibitory activities against BACE-1 and ACE, while also being genome-safe. A simple extraction method for H. heteroclita OCP was developed, demonstrating the enhanced value of its phytochemical and health-promoting qualities.

High Pectin Recovery from Cocoa Husks Using an Autoclave Approach: An Analysis of Its Physicochemical, Structural, and Genotoxicity Properties

“…Positive controls 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO, 0.2 µg/plate for TA98), sodium azide (NaN 3 , 2.5 µg/plate for TA100 and 0.5 µg/plate for TA1535), mitomycin C (MMC, 0.5 µg/plate for TA102), and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA, 50 µg/plate for TA1537) were used in the experiment without S9 extract, while, 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA, 2 µg/plate) was used in the experiment with S9 extract. The mutagenicity ratio (MR) was calculated as previously explained [ 29 , 30 ].…”