Green Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Artemisia argyi Leaves by Tailor-Made Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

The Artemisia argyi leaf (AL) has been used as a traditional medicine and food supplement in China and other Asian countries for hundreds of years. Phytochemical studies disclosed that AL contains various bioactive constituents. Among bioactive constituents, phenolic acids have been recognized as the main active compounds in AL. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been focused on extraction method for the bioactive phenolic acids from AL. Nowadays, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as a new type of green and sustainable solvent for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products. In the present study, an environmentally friendly extraction method based on DESs was established to extract bioactive phenolic acids from ALs. Diverse tailor-made solvents, including binary and ternary DESs, were explored for simultaneous extraction of four phenolic acids (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) from AL. The results indicated that the ternary DES composed of a 2:1:2 molar ratio of choline chloride, malic acid, and urea showed enhanced extraction yields for phenolic acids compared with conventional organic solvents and other DESs. Subsequently, the extraction parameters for the four phenolic acids by selected tailor-made DESs, including liquid–solid ratios, water content (%) in the DESs, and extraction time, were optimized using response surface methodology and the optimal extraction conditions were: extraction time, 23.5 min; liquid–solid ratio, 57.5 mL/g (mL of DES/g dry weight of plant material); water content, 54%. The research indicated that DESs were efficient and sustainable green extraction solvents for extraction of bioactive phenolic acids from natural products. Compared to the conventional organic solvents, the DESs have a great potential as possible alternatives to those organic solvents in health-related areas such as food and pharmaceuticals.

Accessing p‐Hydroxycinnamic Acids: Chemical Synthesis, Biomass Recovery, or Engineered Microbial Production?

“…Recently, Duan et al. reported the use of deep eutectic solvent for caffeoyl quinic acids extraction [57] . Derivatives of caffeic acid were extracted from numerous plants leading to various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications [58–60]…”

“…Recently, Duan et al reported the use of deep eutectic solvent for caffeoyl quinic acids extraction. [57] Derivatives of caffeic acid were extracted from numerous plants leading to various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. [58][59][60] As these extracts already exhibit interesting properties, few works were dedicated to specific recovery of pure caffeic acid.…”

Development and applications of deep eutectic solvent derived functional materials in chromatographic separation

“…In recent years, DESs have been proved to be efficient solvents to extract natural products such as flavonoids [46][47][48], isoflavonoids [49], phenolic compounds [2], phenolic acids [50], terpenoids [18], and alkaloids [51,52] from plant materials. As a new type of green extractant, effective extraction of hazard residues by DESs is critical to ensuring the environment and consumer safety.…”

Analytical Technology in Nutrition Analysis

“…This Special Issue has received remarkably positive feedback, with many contributions submitted by numerous geographically diverse scientists, resulting in a collection of 10 publications, including two exhaustive review articles [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among the contributing authors, authors can be found from Asia (China, India, and Uzbekistan), Europe (Spain), South America (Brazil and Chile) and North America (Mexico).…”

“…The Artemisia argyi leaf has been used as a traditional medicine and food supplement in Asian countries for hundreds of years. Phytochemical studies disclosed that Artemisia argyi leaf contains various bioactive constituents, mainly phenolic acids, which have great potential as possible alternatives to those organic solvents in health-related areas such as food and pharmaceuticals [14]. Regarding the use of seaweeds as alternative dietary fibre sources to terrestrial vegetables, in this Special Issue an article is presented evaluating the nutritional composition and physicochemical properties of two dried commercially interesting edible red seaweeds, Gracilaria corticata and G. edulis.…”