Green Gasoline by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass Derived Compounds

Carlson, Torren R.; Vispute, Tushar P.; Huber, George W.

doi:10.1002/cssc.200800018

Cited by 489 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, this process converts any C1-C5 oxygenates, representing as much as half of the carbon in bio-oil, to C1-C5 hydrocarbons that are too volatile for liquid fuels (Resasco, 2011). Another straightforward approach is to "crack" the pyrolysis vapors using acidic zeolite catalysts into light olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons (primarily benzene, toluene, and o/m/p-xylene) (Bridgwater, 1994;Carlson et al, 2008Carlson et al, , 2009). This approach is appealing because of the lack of an external H2 requirement and the simplicity of the product streams.…”

Section: <1-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, since zeolite cracking is widely used in traditional petroleum refining/valorization (Wan et al, 2015), other advantages are the product compatibility with existing refinery infrastructure and the maturity of the process (Wan et al, 2015). However, zeolite cracking is crippled by poor usable carbon yield due to the high amounts of coke, CO, and CO2 formed during the catalytic process (Carlson et al, 2008) and the concomitant rapid catalyst deactivation. Additionally, further catalytic oligomerization and reforming for olefins and aromatics, respectively, are needed to make these products suitable for addition to refinery fuel product streams, increasing the process costs and further reducing overall carbon yield.…”

Section: <1-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

et al. 2015

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Thermal conversion of biomass is a rapid, low-cost way to produce a dense liquid product, known as bio-oil, that can be refined to transportation fuels. However, utilization of bio-oil is challenging due to its chemical complexity, acidity, and instability -all results of the intricate nature of biomass. A clear understanding of how biomass properties impact yield and composition of thermal products will provide guidance to optimize both biomass and conditions for thermal conversion. To aid elucidation of these associations, we first describe biomass polymers, including phenolics, polysaccharides, acetyl groups, and inorganic ions, and the chemical interactions among them. We then discuss evidence for three roles (i.e., models) for biomass components in the formation of liquid pyrolysis products: (1) as direct sources, (2) as catalysts, and (3) as indirect factors whereby chemical interactions among components and/or cell wall structural features impact thermal conversion products. We highlight associations that might be utilized to optimize biomass content prior to pyrolysis, though a more detailed characterization is required to understand indirect effects. In combination with high-throughput biomass characterization techniques, this knowledge will enable identification of biomass particularly suited for biofuel production and can also guide genetic engineering of bioenergy crops to improve biomass features.

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Section: <1-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: <1-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

et al. 2015

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“…Bio-oils must be catalytically upgraded if they are to be used as a conventional liquid transportation fuel [14][15][16]. As we have previously shown introduction of zeolite catalysts into the pyrolysis process can convert oxygenated compounds generated from pyrolysis into aromatics [17]. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in more detail aromatic production by catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass-derived feedstocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

et al. 2009

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The conversion of biomass compounds to aromatics by thermal decomposition in the presence of catalysts was investigated using a pyroprobe analytical pyrolyzer. The first step in this process is the thermal decomposition of the biomass to smaller oxygenates that then enter the catalysts pores where they are converted to CO, CO 2 , water, coke and volatile aromatics. The desired reaction is the conversion of biomass into aromatics, CO 2 and water with the undesired products being coke and water. Both the reaction conditions and catalyst properties are critical in maximizing the desired product selectivity. High heating rates and high catalyst to feed ratio favor aromatic production over coke formation. Aromatics with carbon yields in excess of 30 molar carbon% were obtained from glucose, xylitol, cellobiose, and cellulose with ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 60) at the optimal reactor conditions. The aromatic yield for all the products was similar suggesting that all of these biomass-derived oxygenates go through a common intermediate. At lower catalyst to feed ratios volatile oxygenates are formed including furan type compounds, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde. The product selectivity is dependent on both the size of the catalyst pores and the nature of the active sites. Five catalysts were tested including ZSM-5, silicalite, beta, Y-zeolite and silica-alumina. ZSM-5 had the highest aromatic yields (30% carbon yield) and the least amount of coke.

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“…111 Recent progress with catalytic fast pyrolysis is a promising method for maximizing output of aromatics while reducing oxygenated compounds. 112 This process employs a combination of high heating rates to initially pyrolyze lignin followed by catalytic conversion of oxygenated molecules with zeolite catalysts to form aromatics, CO 2 and water. 113 Additionally, the reaction only requires short resonance times ($ 2 min).…”

Section: Figure 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

Mathers

2011

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

223

100

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This highlight discusses the recent progress aimed at maximizing the potential of biomass for commodity monomers and polymers. These efforts are no longer solely academic issues. In recent years, a variety of alkene, diene, aromatic, and condensation type monomers have utilized renewable resources, such as cellulose, lignin, plant oils, starches, and monoterpenes in commercial polymers. Generally, these multifaceted efforts involve pretreatment of biomass with thermal, chemical, or physical methods followed by a catalyst sequence that entails a combination of acid-catalysis, bio-catalysis, or metal-based catalysis. In this regard, synthesis strategies for ethylene, propylene, a-olefins, methylmethacrylate, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, isoprene, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid are discussed as well as opportunities for other renewable-based monomers. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] 2012

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Green Gasoline by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass Derived Compounds

Cited by 489 publications

References 19 publications

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

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