Green hydrogen leaking accidentally from a motor vehicle in confined space: A study on the effectiveness of a ventilation system

Hajji, Yassine; Bouteraa, Mourad; Elcafsi, Afif; Bournot, Philippe

doi:10.1002/er.7001

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Initially, many studies focused on the effects of natural ventilation parameters on hydrogen accumulation and diffusion, including the amount, position and total area of the vents [8,[11][12][13][20][21][22][23][24]. The intersecting ventilation position was considered to be the most effective configuration for reducing the hydrogen concentration in an enclosed space [12,18].…”

Section: Forced Ventilation and Natural Ventilation Brennan S [15] Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, changes in the roof angle have been proven to have a severe effect on the concentration gradient and stratification of hydrogen [10]. For ordinary residential garages, square vents bring a lower concentration value, achieving a ventilation efficiency of 56.06% [21]. When the aspect ratio of the square decreases, the intake of fresh air and the removal of hydrogen are greater.…”

Section: Forced Ventilation and Natural Ventilation Brennan S [15] Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Model of Critical Ventilation Flow Rate for Accidental Hydrogen Leakage in a Confined Space

Sun,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Energies

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The determination of the critical ventilation flow rate is significant for risk control and standard development during accidental hydrogen leakage in a confined space with hydrogen-related equipment. This paper presents an analytical model for calculating the critical ventilation flow rate through the quantification and constraint solution of the ventilation effect and ventilation cost. The experimental method was used to investigate the effects of nozzle diameter and stagnation pressure on the diffusion and ventilation of horizontal hydrogen leakage in a cuboid chamber. Ventilations from 30 to 180 m3/h were carried out through the rectangular vent. It was shown that the peak concentration of the measuring point was positively correlated with the stagnation pressure and the nozzle diameter. The experimental data were used to verify the analytical model by calculating the effective ventilation time. This study demonstrates that the critical ventilation flow rate can be increased significantly at higher stagnation pressures and larger nozzle diameters. Furthermore, the discrepancy of critical ventilation flow rates under different nozzle diameters will be enhanced with the increase of stagnation pressure. For a stagnation pressure of 0.4 MPa, the critical ventilation flow rate under a 4 mm nozzle even increased by 52% relative to the 2 mm nozzle.

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Section: Forced Ventilation and Natural Ventilation Brennan S [15] Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forced Ventilation and Natural Ventilation Brennan S [15] Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Model of Critical Ventilation Flow Rate for Accidental Hydrogen Leakage in a Confined Space

Sun,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Venetsanos et al [1] investigated realistic small to medium indoor hydrogen leaks and provided recommendations for the safe use/storage of indoor hydrogen systems. Hajj et al [2][3] studied the leakage of hydrogen and its dispersion in confined spaces, followed by the formation of clouds from the hydrogen mixture in the air. The main concern is the shape of the roof and the duration of the leak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Hydrogen Spilling in the Confined Cabin with Air Supplying and Vent

Shu

Liang

Lei³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The purpose of this work is to research the spill and diffusion characteristics of liquid hydrogen in confined cabin with air supplying and vent. The spill and diffusion behavior of liquid hydrogen in the confined cabin with air supplying and vent was simulated using Fluent software. The feasibility of the model was verified by the experimental results. The research results show that the numerical simulation model can simulate to predict the diffusion process of liquid hydrogen well and has application value for engineering. The diffusion cloud after the spill of liquid hydrogen is gathering at the top and slowly spread to the surrounding which is different from the open environment. The process of liquid hydrogen spill can be divided into three stages, among which the concentration of cloud clusters changes sharply in the spilling stage. Low wind speed can affect the inclination angle of the diffuse cloud, and it is concluded that wind speed is also the main factor affecting the movement of the diffusion cloud. The research results are expected to provide a reference for standard formulation and design of liquid hydrogen applications.

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“…Solar power is the most important renewable energy resource with high production and reliability. It presents low panel cost with high efficiency [1,2]. Considering the aforementioned advantages of solar energy, it is a growing renewable energy resource used worldwide in recent years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Energy Production Forecasting Based on a Hybrid CNN-LSTM-Transformer Model

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Green energy is very important for developing new cities with high energy consumption, in addition to helping environment preservation. Integrating solar energy into a grid is very challenging and requires precise forecasting of energy production. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have been very promising. Particularly, Deep Learning technologies have achieved great results in short-term time-series forecasting. Thus, it is very suitable to use these techniques for solar energy production forecasting. In this work, a combination of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, and a Transformer was used for solar energy production forecasting. Besides, a clustering technique was applied for the correlation analysis of the input data. Relevant features in the historical data were selected using a self-organizing map. The hybrid CNN-LSTM-Transformer model was used for forecasting. The Fingrid open dataset was used for training and evaluating the proposed model. The experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed model in solar energy production forecasting. Compared to existing models and other combinations, such as LSTM-CNN, the proposed CNN-LSTM-Transformer model achieved the highest accuracy. The achieved results show that the proposed model can be used as a trusted forecasting technique that facilitates the integration of solar energy into grids.

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Green hydrogen leaking accidentally from a motor vehicle in confined space: A study on the effectiveness of a ventilation system

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Analytical Model of Critical Ventilation Flow Rate for Accidental Hydrogen Leakage in a Confined Space

Analytical Model of Critical Ventilation Flow Rate for Accidental Hydrogen Leakage in a Confined Space

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Hydrogen Spilling in the Confined Cabin with Air Supplying and Vent

Solar Energy Production Forecasting Based on a Hybrid CNN-LSTM-Transformer Model

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