Green Modification of Corn Stalk Lignin and Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Lignin-Based Wood Adhesive

Wang, Sen; Yu, Yingying; Di, Mingwei

doi:10.3390/polym10060631

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the recent years, there are many studies dealing with the synthesis of environmentally friendly wood adhesives in response to environmental protection. The green wood adhesives include glyoxalated corn stalk lignin-based wood adhesive [8], sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) adhesive [9,10], defatted soybean flour-based wood adhesive [11], tannin-sucrose adhesive [12], and many other types of wood adhesive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

et al. 2020

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Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is barely addressed. Esterification is one of the most common chemical reactions applied in wood modification. CA contains three carboxyl groups, making it possible to attain at least two esterification reactions that are required for crosslinking when reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the cell wall polymers. In addition, the reaction could form ester linkages to bring adhesivity and good bonding characteristics, and therefore CA could be used as wood binder too. This paper presents a review concerning the usage of CA as a wood modifying agent and binder. For wood modification, the reaction mechanism between wood and CA and the pros and cons of using CA are discussed. CA and its combination with various reactants and their respective optimum parameters are also compiled in this paper. As for the major wood bonding component, the bonding mechanism and types of wood composites bonded with CA are presented. The best working conditions for the CA in the fabrication of wood-based panels are discussed. In addition, the environmental impacts and future outlook of CA-treated wood and bonded composite are also considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

et al. 2020

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“…The most developed adhesive application for lignin is replacement of phenols in phenol-formaldehyde adhesives [27]. Besides active sites, the amount of aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups increase the reactivity of lignin towards synthetic adhesive precursors such as aldehydes, tannins, phenols and isocyanates [28,29]. The number of available reactive groups (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Hemmilä

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Understanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be used for conversion into aromatic or platform chemicals. A-LS and S-LS had more aliphatic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic double bonds and C=O structures. All lignins had available C3/C5 positions, which can increase reactivity towards adhesive precursors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) data indicated that the SCWH and S-LS lignin types can be suitable for production of carbon fibers. Lignosulfonates exhibited considerable higher water vapor adsorption as compared to the SCWH lignin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SCWH differed greatly from the lignosulfonates in purity, chemical structure, thermal stability and water sorption behavior. SCWH lignin showed great potential as raw material for aromatic compounds, carbon fibers, adhesives or polymers. Lignosulfonates are less suited for conversion into chemicals or carbon fibers, but due to the high amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, they can potentially be modified or used as adhesives, dispersants, or reinforcement material in polymers. For most value-adding applications, energy-intensive purification of the lignosulfonates would be required. Graphic Abstract

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“…Lignin is a cross-linked amorphous copolymer consisting of three phenylpropane monomers (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols), which are bonded together through C–O–C and C–C interunit linkages [1,2]. It is one of the main ingredients of lignocellulose, accounting for 15–25% of the total weight, and it serves as a potential source of aromatic platform chemicals, although such a conversion is still challenging [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modification can greatly expand the application of lignin in polymer materials and chemical syntheses [1], and esterification is an important method for the modification of lignin. The photo-thermal stability, thermal properties (e.g., molar mass, solubility, and softening temperature), compatibility with non-polar polymers, and solubility in non-polar solvents can be improved after esterification [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylation of Lignin with Different Acylating Agents by Mechanical Activation-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis: Preparation and Properties

et al. 2018

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Acylated lignins with substituents consisting of different lengths of carbon chains were prepared by a mechanical activation-assisted solid phase synthesis (MASPS) technology with a customized stirring ball mill as a reactor. The structures and properties were analyzed by UV/Vis, FTIR, NMR, SEM, DSC, and TG. The results showed that the acylated lignins were successfully prepared with either non-cyclic or cyclic anhydrides as the acylating agents. Both aliphatic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin reacted with non-cyclic anhydrides, and different reactivity of acylating agents resulted in different relative contents of phenolic and aliphatic substituents in the products. The reactivity of the cyclic anhydrides was weaker than that of the non-cyclic anhydrides, and the reactivity of the acylating agents decreased with increasing carbon chain length and unsaturated bonds of acyl groups. All of the acylated lignins except maleylated lignin had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the original lignin. The acylated lignins prepared with non-cyclic anhydrides had better thermal stability than original lignin, and the thermal stability increased, but Tg decreased with an increasing chain length of the acyl groups. The acylated lignins prepared with cyclic anhydrides had higher a Tg than those with non-cyclic anhydrides with the same carbon number, and the thermal stability was not obviously improved.

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Green Modification of Corn Stalk Lignin and Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Lignin-Based Wood Adhesive

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Acylation of Lignin with Different Acylating Agents by Mechanical Activation-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis: Preparation and Properties

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