Green Nanocomposite-Based Metamaterial Electromagnetic Absorbers: Potential, Current Developments and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The use of the natural materials instead of conventional materials as electromagnetic absorbers promotes environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of accessibility. Furthermore, these materials may also be designed as absorbers and as reinforcements in building materials in a lightweight form. The absorbing ability of composite materials can be customized based on the chosen fillers. Specifically, magnetic and dielectric fillers can be incorporated to improve the absorption of a composite material compared to traditional materials. This work aims to review recent developments of electromagnetic absorbers enabled by nanocomposites, metamaterial and metasurface-based, as well as green composite alternatives. First, the background concepts of electromagnetic wave absorption and reflection will be presented, followed by the assessment techniques in determining electromagnetic properties of absorbing materials. Next, the stateof-the-art absorbers utilizing different materials will be presented and their performances are compared. This review concludes with a special focus on the future perspective of the potential of metamaterial based nanocellulose composites as ultrathin and broadband electromagnetic absorbers. INDEX TERMS Electromagnetic, microwave absorber, nanocomposites, metamaterial, nanocellulose. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the development of wireless technologies with the particular aim at achieving higher communication throughput and wider bandwidths for high-speed communication have been developed rapidly to accommodate consumers' needs. However, the wide use of wireless communication systems has also resulted in an increasing electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the environment. The conducted or radiated electromagnetic signals interferes with The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Kuang Zhang.

Application of Lightweight Thermal Insulation Building Materials for Green Building Design

“…Yah and others believe that at this stage, the development of the construction industry has caused a certain degree of damage to the surrounding environment; therefore, when designing green buildings, we should fully respect the ecological principles, and implement energy conservation and environmental protection into architectural design. Before carrying out the design work, the surrounding environment of the building should be surveyed on the spot, and the architectural design should be carried out on the premise of not destroying the original environment, and attention should be paid to the protection of the ecological environment in the later construction stage and building maintenance stage [2]. Eze and others believe that the thermal insulation materials in the construction industry are developing in the direction of light weight, high strength, and energy saving, and various new building thermal insulation materials are constantly emerging.…”