Green Nanomaterials: A Sustainable Perspective

Prospects of green nanotechnology for efficient management of neurodegenerative diseases

“…These essential oils have also been utilized to fabricate green nanosystems for diversified disease management, and their doping/traces in fabricated nanosystems have exhibited enhanced disorder-combatting efficacies. Apart from essential oils, various phytochemicals (ketones, amines, phenols, flavones, terpenoids, bio-acids) extracted from different part of plants (leaves, fruits, stem, flowers, seed, bark, and roots) serves as multifunctional precursors with capping, reducing and stabilizing actions, which minimizes the chemical/precursors requirements thereby reducing the probability of induced toxicity and secondary contamination to the environment (Khalaj et al, 2020;Palit and Hussain, 2020;Pathania et al, 2022aPathania et al, , 2022b. Similarly, microbial-mediated fabrication (bacteria, yeast, viruses, fungi, algae), biomes-extracted precursors, protein-based nanosystems, exosomes and repurpose-byproducts are green strategies to fabricate ecofriendly bio-nanosystems/green-nanosystems.…”

“…This restricted development of green nanosystems is associated with several challenges related to efficacies, stability, manufacturing, scalability, selectivity and controlled utilization. For instance, the scalable fabrication of green nanosystems is quite difficult due to low yield, the challenge of purification, and altitudinal/regional variation in the composition of biochemical precursors, which limits their commercial applications (Palit and Hussain, 2020;Pathania et al, 2022b). Moreover, low encapsulation efficacy, bioaccumulation, uncontrolled cellular activities, stability on multiple biological variations and the hostile environment, selectivity in target cells/tissues/areas, and strong associations with prominent and early-stage biomarkers are challenging in developing green nanosystem-based strategies for diagnosis, monitoring, management and treatment of NDDs.…”