Green Nanoparticles for Mosquito Control

Abstract

Here, we have used the green method for synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. In the present study the silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the aqueous bark extract of Indian spice dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) (C. zyelanicum or C. verum J. Presl). Additionally, we have used these synthesized nanoparticles for mosquito control. The larvicidal activity has been tested against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The results were obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the images were recorded with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The efficacy tests were then performed at different concentrations and varying numbers of hours by probit analysis. The synthesized AgNPs were in spherical shape and average sizes (11.77 nm AgNPs and 46.48 nm AuNPs). The larvae of An. stephensi were found highly susceptible to the synthesized AgNPs and AuNPs than the Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results suggest that the C. zeylanicum synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquito.

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Jasminum nervosum leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against filarial and arboviral vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Low-dose biosynthesized AgNPs and AuNPs resulted in high mortality. A similar trend in acquiring maximum mortality with very low concentration was observed by Rajakumar and Abul Rahuman (2011), NareshKumar et al (2011, Velayutham et al (2013), Suganya et al (2013), Veerakumar et al (2013Veerakumar et al ( , 2014 and Soni and Prakash (2014). The study also deals with the larvicidal activity in relation to lethal dose and lethal time of J. nervosum.…”

“…However, a high concentration of J. nervosum extract leads to strong interaction between biomolecules and surfaces of the nanoparticles, preventing nascent AgNPs and AuNPs from rapid sintering. Higher concentration of extract offers a greater number of spherical particles with sizes from 4-22 nm with an average size of 10±2 nm for AgNPs and between 2-20 nm with an average size of 9.4±4 nm for AuNPs with various spherical shapes, which falls closer to many of the silver and gold nanoparticles produced by other plant materials (Naresh- Soni and Prakash, 2014;Veerakumar et al 2014). The shape of plant-mediated AgNPs was mostly spherical with the exception of Azadirachta indica which yielded both spherical and flat plate-like morphology (Shankar et al 2004).…”

“…Generally, UV-Vis spectroscopy can be used to examine size and shape of the controlled AgNPs and AuNPs in aqueous suspense (Gnanadesigan et al 2011;Veerakumar et al 2013;Velayutham et al 2013;Soni and Prakash 2014). UVVis spectrograph of the colloidal solution of Ag and Au NPs has been recorded.…”

“…Plant extracts can be scaled up for largescale biosynthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs in a fortified manner according to their size, shape, and sensitivity process (Nakkala et al 2015). Many plant species and microbes have been used in nanotechnology for AgNPs and AuNPs production, which were highly stable and have significant mosquito larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus including Mimosa pudica (Marimuthu et al 2010), Rhizophora mucronata (Gnanadesigan et al 2011), Tinospora cordifolia , Eclipta prostrata , Nelumbo nucifera , Aspergillus niger (Soni and Prakash 2012), Anthocepholus cadamba (Naresh- , Ficus racemosa (Velayutham et al 2013), Sida acuta (Veerakumar et al 2013), Heliotropium indicum (Veerakumar et al 2014), and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Soni and Prakash 2014).…”

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Thevetia peruviana Juss and its antimicrobial activities

“…In its nanoscale form, silver exhibits unique physicochemical and biological activities. This has made them useful as sensor, vector control, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiplasmodial agents, catalysts, among others (Elemike et al 2014;Ashokkumar et al 2013;Vinod et al 2014;Ravi et al 2013;Kathiravan et al 2014;Raju et al 2012;Saraschandra and Sivakumar 2014;Rajakumar and Abdul Rahuman 2011;Namita and Soam 2014). Biological/green method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles uses various plants, plant parts or microorganisms to reduce silver ion to silver nanoparticles.…”