Green Nanotechnology: Recent Research on Bioresource-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

In the last decades, the idea of green nanotechnology has been expanding, and researchers are developing greener and more sustainable techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs). The major objectives are to fabricate NPs using simple, sustainable, and cost-effective procedures while avoiding the use of hazardous materials that are usually utilized as reducing or capping agents. Many biosources, including plants, bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and algae, have been used to fabricate NPs of various shapes and sizes. The authors of this study emphasized the most current studies for fabricating NPs from biosources and their applications in a wide range of fields. This review addressed studies that cover green techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles of Ag, Au, ZnO, CuO, Co3O4, Fe3O4, TiO2, NiO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Sm2O3, CeO2, La2O3, and Y2O3. Also, their applications were taken under consideration and discussed.

Design, characterization and applications of nanocolloidal hydrogels

“…A particularly attractive field of research is the utilization of bioresources (biomass) for the synthesis and fabrication of NPs, 203 since the environmental footprint will decrease by the sustainable use of natural resources. 204 Examples of such NPs include plant-derived nanocellulose, phytoglycogen NPs, or lignin NPs.…”

Electrochemical sensor based on gum Arabic nanoparticles for rapid and in-situ detection of different heavy metals in real samples

“…In fact, green chemistry require implementing principles dedicated to reducing toxic chemicals use and production [ 26 , 27 ]. As this approach provides potential remedies to the expensive processes, with simplicity and rapidity of fabrication, minimizes the risk, and of course reduces the harm to the environment and humans [ 28 , 29 ]. To design these nanoparticles, plant extracts are used as a reducing and capping agent of metals [ 30 ], including gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) ……”

Green Synthesis of Uncoated and Olive Leaf Extract-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Sunlight Photocatalytic, Antiparasitic, and Antifungal Activities

“…Green nanotechnology involves using natural bioactive agents, including microbes, plant materials, and biowastes, in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials and for enhancing sustainability by employing nano-products. As a result, it is regarded as an essential part of clean technologies that recover the environment and transform waste bioactive products into more valuable and environmentally friendly green nanomaterials [ 1 , 2 ]. The properties of nanoparticles include being highly mobile when in a free state [ 3 , 4 ].…”