“Green odor” inhalation by rats down-regulates stress-induced increases in Fos expression in stress-related forebrain regions

Ito, Ai; Miyoshi, Masayuki; Ueki, Shiori; Fukada, Mika; Komaki, Ryoichi; Watanabe, Tatsuo

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.06.012

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although the effect on mood was not confirmed one week later, the stress effect persisted at the second session: the test group showed less stress than the control group after the week of exposure. These findings are in line with animal and human studies showing an influence of odors on stress: for example, “green odors” have been shown to exert anxiolytic and stress-reducing effects in human subjects (Oka et al, 2008) and also to alleviate stress-induced cardiovascular, hormonal, and behavioral responses in rats (Ito et al, 2009; Nikaido and Nakashima, 2009). Similar effects were recently reported for coconut (Mezzacappa et al, 2010) and rose odors (Fukada et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Positive effects of odorants on stress were demonstrated in rats and mice and also in young adult humans (Fukada et al, 2007; Oka et al, 2008; Ito et al, 2009; Nikaido and Nakashima, 2009; Mezzacappa et al, 2010), suggesting that inhaling certain odorants may counteract the negative effects of stress. The present study tested the general hypothesis that odor exposure decreases stress in aged individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pleasant familiar odor influences perceived stress and peripheral nervous system activity during normal aging

2014

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Effects of smells on stress have been demonstrated in animals and humans, suggesting that inhaling certain odorants may counteract the negative effects of stress. Because stress plays a key role in cerebral aging, the present study set out to examine whether positive odor effects on perceived stress can be achieved in elderly individuals. To this end, two groups of aged individuals (n = 36 women, aged from 55 to 65 years), were tested. The first group was exposed for 5 days to a pleasant and, by end of exposure, familiar odor (“exposure odor”), whereas the other was exposed to a non-scented control stimulus. Stress and mood states were assessed before and after the 5-day odor exposure period. Psychophysiological markers were also assessed at the end of exposure, in response to the “exposure odor” and to a “new odor.” Results revealed that stress on this second exposure was decreased and zygomatic electromyogram activity was increased specifically in the group previously exposed to the odor (p < 0.05). Taken as a whole, these findings offer a new look at the relationship between perceived stress, olfaction and normal aging, opening up new research perspectives on the effect of olfaction on quality of life and well-being in aged individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pleasant familiar odor influences perceived stress and peripheral nervous system activity during normal aging

2014

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“…For the thalamus, formalin injection did not induce more Fos staining than saline until 14 days These nuclei express Fos in response to stress23. The role of the PVN of the hypothalamus is well documented (see24 for a review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalin-Induced c-fos Expression in the Brain of Infant Rats

Barr

2011

The Journal of Pain

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In the fetal, infant and adult rat, injury induces a well-defined behavioral response and induces c-fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn. There is more limited information about the processing of noxious stimulation in the infant brain. We describe here the appearance of the Fos protein in the brain of fetal and infant rats following formalin-induced injury. Regions were chosen for analysis with a special focus on brain loci that express c-fos in the adult. No Fos positive cells were found in the brains of fetuses; newborns did not show increased Fos expression after formalin injection in any structure examined. At 3 and 14 days of age, there was a significant increase in staining induced by formalin in the ventral lateral medulla. In contrast, paraventricular and medial dorsal nuclei of the thalamus, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray of the midbrain showed increased levels of Fos protein only at 14 days of age. We hypothesize that this developmental pattern is related not only to the maturation of pain perception but also to development of autonomic and defensive reactions to pain in the infant. Perspective Because the infant processes pain differently than the adult, knowledge of those differences informs pediatric clinical practice. Using Fos expression as a marker of neural activity in the rat, we show that the pattern of brain activation is immature at birth but is in place by 14 days of age.

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“…Abnormal HPA axis functioning is also reported in anxiety disorders [30,31]. In the present study, the acute stress response was assessed following the marble-burying test (a novel mild stressor) by analyzing plasma corticosterone (CORT) and expression of the Fos protein product of the immediate early gene c-fos in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hippocampus [32–35]. In addition, to assess the basal function of the HPA axis, we examined the daily rhythms of plasma CORT, corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) mRNA expression in the PVN, and expression of glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) and mineralocorticoid receptors ( MR ) mRNA in both the PVN and hippocampus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased daytime illumination leads to anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis dysregulation in the diurnal grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)

Ikeno

Deats

Soler

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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The impact of ambient light on mood and anxiety is best exemplified in seasonal affective disorder, in which patients experience depression and anxiety in winter when there is less light in the environment. However, the brain mechanisms underlying light-dependent changes in affective state remain unclear. Our previous work revealed increased depression-like behaviors in the diurnal Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) housed in a dim light-dark (dim-LD) cycle as compared to the controls housed in a bright light-dark (bright-LD) condition. As depression is often comorbid with anxiety and is associated with dysregulation of the body's stress response system, the present study examined the anxiety-like behaviors as well as indicators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in the grass rats. Animals housed in dim-LD showed increased anxiety-like behaviors compared to bright-LD controls, as revealed by fewer entries and less time spent at the center in the open field test and more marbles buried during the marble-burying test. Following the marble-burying test, dim-LD animals showed higher plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and hippocampal Fos expression. Although the daily CORT rhythm was comparable between bright-LD and dim-LD groups, the day/night variation of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus was diminished in dim-LD animals. In addition, glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression were higher in the hippocampus of dim-LD animals. The results suggest that in diurnal species, reduced daytime illumination can lead to increased anxiety-like behaviors and altered HPA axis functioning, providing insights into the link between decreased environmental illumination and negative emotion.

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“Green odor” inhalation by rats down-regulates stress-induced increases in Fos expression in stress-related forebrain regions

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

A pleasant familiar odor influences perceived stress and peripheral nervous system activity during normal aging

A pleasant familiar odor influences perceived stress and peripheral nervous system activity during normal aging

Formalin-Induced c-fos Expression in the Brain of Infant Rats

Decreased daytime illumination leads to anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis dysregulation in the diurnal grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)

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