For almost thirty years, academic librarians have encouraged their faculty peers and patrons to publish in open access (OA) journals and other venues. Despite these efforts, one of the most difficult barriers to OA still exists: academic faculty at US higher education institutions lack strong incentives to publish in OA venues. This article describes one library school's adoption of a faculty promotion and tenure policy-with evaluative criteria-that strongly and clearly supports OA publishing. The author concludes with recommendations for further research on how academic rewards systems can better incentivize OA publishing, as well as how to effectively develop and implement such policies.The results of empirical research improve people's lives. For example, an individual might benefit from the discovery of a cure for a disease, but also the world as a whole would benefit from solutions to environmental problems, such as pollution. The speed at which such improvements can be made depends on how fast research can be conducted and results made available to the public. When the dissemination of research results is impeded-for instance, by expensive journal subscription coststhen the implementation of improvements to people's lives is also impeded.The open access (OA) movement emerged as a means of more rapidly and equitably disseminating research results. OA refers to "the free, immediate, online availability of research articles coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment." 1 A decade ago, Peter Suber-a longtime advocate of OA as well as the current senior advisor on open access for Harvard Library and director of the Harvard Open Access Project-spoke of OA as a "revolutionary kind of access these authors, unencumbered by a motive of financial gain, are free to provide to their readers. OA literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions." 2The term "open access" was coined a quarter of century ago, but OA as a concept has existed for even longer. Despite advances in OA publishing-such as faster, more equitable dissemination of research results-barriers to OA publication still exist. The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) summarizes the background of one such barrier, the outdated system for scholarly communication:Our current system for communicating research is crippled by a centuries old model that hasn't been updated to take advantage of 21st century technology:1. Governments provide most of the funding for research-hundreds of billions of dollars annually-and public institutions employ a large portion of all researchers.