Green Organo-Photooxidative Method for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract

This study used an organophoto-oxidative material to degrade the toxic azo dye, methylene blue (MB), due to its hazardous effects on aquatic life and humans. MB is traditionally degraded using metal-based catalysts, resulting in high costs. Several organic acids were screened for organo-photooxidative applications against various azo dyes, and ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, was found to be best for degradation due to its high photooxidative activity. It is an eco-friendly, edible, and efficient photooxidative material. A photocatalytic box has been developed for the study of organo-photooxidative activity. It was found that when AA was added, degradation efficiency increased from 42 to 95% within 240 min. Different characterization techniques, such as HPLC and GC-MS, were used after degradation for the structural elucidation of degraded products. DFT study was done for the investigation of the mechanistic study behind the degradation process. A statistical tool, RSM, was used for the optimization of parameters (concentration of dye, catalyst, and time). This study develops sustainable and effective solutions for wastewater treatment.

Visible light assisted photooxidative facile degradation of azo dyes in water using a green method

“…The response surface methodology and CCD modeling were used to evaluate the individual effects of three independent parameters: concentration of the dye, dose of photooxidative compounds, and time on degradation efficiency. The maximum photodegradation efficiency was 96% under the following optimal conditions: photooxidative compound dosage = 0.015, contact time = 180 min, and concentration of MO = 900 ppm which is more than from methylene blue degradation by Majeed et al 31 The degraded product obtained from MO was 4-(2-(4-aminophenyl) hydrazineyl) benzenesulfonic acid confirmed by HPLC and GCMS analysis. The DFT study was done to support the results of various techniques such as GCMS and HPLC in the degradation mechanism.…”

“…After the addition of AsA into the MO solution under visible light, photodegradation of MO started and the photodegradation process was evaluated every 60 minutes. The MO color change and absorption value decrease as time passes, due to the presence of chromophore resulting the breakdown of N N, 31 indicating the photodegradation process. After 180 minutes, the peak intensity close to zero indicated that MO fully degraded into its fragments.…”

“… 30 Organo-photooxidation is an effective technique for the development of sustainable and efficient chemical transformations. 31 Organo-photooxidation may minimize the use of hazardous reagents or solvents and reduce the generation of harmful byproducts during the degradation process. 32 Organo-photo oxidative agents are usually feasible, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and may show high degradation efficiency.…”

“…Implementing the organo-photooxidative approach for dye degradation not only enhances efficiency and sustainability but also diminishes the environmental impact of synthetic dyes. 31 This method holds greater attention compared to other techniques due to its cost-effectiveness, utilization of renewable energy, and elimination of inorganic catalysts. The novelty of this study lies in the accessibility of acid catalysts, eliminating the need for preparation and saving time during the degradation process.…”

Research Progress of TiO2 Modification and Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants

“…Several studies, such as Chacon-Argaez [69], Borrego Pérez [70], etc., have found that the photocatalytic activity of composites is indeed significantly improved. Mohammed, W [71] et al found that Schottky promoted electron transfer at Ag-TiO 2 , transferred the absorption to the visible region, reduced the band gap of TiO 2, and inhibited electron-hole recombination, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability.…”