“…[1][2][3][4] In this context, much effort has been devoted to the design and fabrication of heteroatom-doped CDs (e.g., N-, B-, and S-doped CDs) and their application. 1,17,18 Among the heteroatom-doped CDs, nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) are the most frequently utilized platform, because the nitrogen atoms are known to alter the edge states, 19,20 energy levels, [21][22][23] physicochemical properties, 6,13,17,[19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and even catalytic activities 9,11,[32][33][34] of the CDs. However, the effects of the heteroatom content and chemical bonding in CDs on their properties under subtle variation of the synthetic conditions are not fully understood.…”