Green recycling of spent Li-ion battery cathodes via deep-eutectic solvents

Abstract

The growth in numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) has meant significant demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), together with a need for recycling of spent LIBs. Current existing pyro- and hydro-...

A covalent organic framework as a dual-active-center cathode for a high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery

“…[1][2][3][4][5] One of the most promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage is rechargeable aqueous metal-ion batteries, which feature high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. [6][7][8][9][10] Different from organic solvent-based electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes possess high ionic conductivity, low toxicity, and non-ammability. 11,12 Among them, AZIBs are desirable energy storage devices due to the inherent merits of affordable and non-toxic zinc, which is found in high abundance in nature (300 times higher than lithium), possesses a low redox potential of −0.76 V and has a large theoretical capacity of 820 mA h g −1 .…”

Machine learning models accelerate deep eutectic solvent discovery for the recycling of lithium-ion battery cathodes

“…Apart from the commonly used traditional acids in the hydrometallurgy approach, such as HCl, HNO 3 , and citric acid, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently emerged as efficient and sustainable leaching solvents. 12,13 A DES is a eutectic mixture of a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) via hydrogen bonding 14,15 which has good thermal and chemical stability and favorable features like eco-friendliness, low cost, and composition adjustability. Recently, several research studies have verified that DESs have reusability and high metal selectivity, 16,17 could extract metals without extra reductants and have similar leaching efficiency to traditional acids.…”

“…22,23 ML approaches also have great performance in DESs, such as property prediction 24 and gas absorption, 25 which could unlock new opportunities for the recovery of spent LIBs through DESs. Great attention has been paid to leaching cathodes through DESs; 12 currently, the mainstream view assumes that low viscosity, high acidity, strong coordination, and reducibility of DESs might be beneficial for efficient leaching, 26 while little work has validated these hypotheses, and we are still lacking quantification of the importance of each property. Therefore, to accelerate the screening of effective DESs and deepen our understanding of the leaching mechanism, it is meaningful to apply this powerful tool in the DES formulation development process.…”

Air-Stable and Low-Cost High-Voltage Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte for High-Performance Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Rechargeable Battery with Wide-Temperature Range

“…Hydrated eutectic electrolytes (HEEs) form through strong ion–dipole interaction among eutectic mixtures of Lewis or Brønsted acids and have lower melting points than their individual constituents. − HEEs have been attracting extensive research interest in energy storage due to their exceptional electrochemical stability, wide electrochemical window, nontoxicity, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. , Furthermore, it is crucial to protect the Al anode from corrosion caused by the acidic aqueous aluminum salt electrolyte through electrolyte design to establish a uniform solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Therefore, suitable HEEs that address the internal limitations of AAIBs and expand their external operating conditions will be a promising option.…”