Green/Roasted Coffee May Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects by Decreasing Body Weight, Abdominal Adiposity and Blood Pressure

Abstract

In previous studies, after regularly consuming a green/roasted coffee blend, body weight, body fat%, glucose, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, leptin, ghrelin, diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly changed in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects. However, glucagon, total-cholesterol (T-C), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and Homeostasis Model Assessment index to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) only changed in the hypercholesterolemics. This work looks into the antiobesity effects of coffee blend and into the relationship of antiobesity with the aforementioned cardiometabolic modifications in hypercholesterolemics. (1) Methods: Tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, hip, thigh, arm and waist circumference (WC) were measured in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemics. To understand the relationship between cardiometabolic and antiobesity results in hypercholesterolemics, factor analysis was carried out using baseline values of the variables that changed. (2) Results: WC, WC/hip and WC/height showed significant coffee×group interaction, and in hypercholesterolemics tended to decrease. After factor analysis, three factors emerged, accounting for 29.46, 13.13 and 11.79% of variance. Only factor 1 (main loadings: WC, DBP and SBP, body weight, WC/hip and WC/height ratios, TG and ghrelin, inversely) decreased after coffee intake. (3) Conclusion: Regularly consuming green/roasted coffee may help to control body weight, and in hypercholesterolemics, may reduce cardiovascular risk by reducing abdominal adiposity and blood pressure.

Regular Consumption of Green Coffee Phenol, Oat β-Glucan and Green Coffee Phenol/Oat β-Glucan Supplements Does Not Change Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity

“…In relation to the macronutrient intake, our population did not follow the general dietary recommendations established for the adult population, as 40% of the energy of their diet was provided by lipids, instead of the recommended 30–35%, and proteins provided 17.3% of the energy, instead of the 10–15% recommended for the adult Spanish population [ 38 ]. Moreover, looking into the dietary lipid composition, the consumption of saturated fatty acids was higher than the recommended at the expense of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 34 ]. This dietary pattern may be associated with higher consumption of meat and fatty foods, a tendency that has been often observed in recent years in the Spanish population, who is moving away from the Mediterranean diet and approaching the less healthy Western dietary pattern associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension [ 39 ].…”

“…Moreover, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial carried out in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, the group that consumed 400 mg of chlorogenic acid three times per day for 12 weeks showed a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, WC, as well as other cardiometabolic parameters compared to the placebo group [ 32 ]. Finally, in normoweight healthy and hypercholesterolaemic subjects, the consumption of a hydroxycinnamate-rich green/roasted (35/65) coffee blend for 8 weeks resulted in decreased body weight, BMI and body fat percentage [ 33 , 34 ], pointing to potential beneficial effects of GCP in obesity.…”

Appetite and Satiety Effects of the Acute and Regular Consumption of Green Coffee Phenols and Green Coffee Phenol/Oat β-Glucan Nutraceuticals in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity

“…In a long-term intervention carried out in humans, a decaffeinated green coffee bean extract was suggested to contribute to appetite control, which was assessed by means of a simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire [19]. In agreement, Sarriá et al [20] pointed to a green/roasted coffee blend controlling weight in normoweight subjects through ghrelin regulation, as ghrelin concentration was inversely related to body weight, and also WC and WC/hip ratios. Moreover, it seems that this hormone plays a role in energy adaptation, as ghrelin levels decrease in humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and increase during weight loss [21].…”

An Approach to Understand the Main Factors Contributing to the Variability in People with Overweight or Obesity Using Principal Components Analysis.

“…The subjects with higher cardiovascular risk showed an improvement in cardiometabolic risk markers and abdominal adiposity, which were not observed in healthy subjects. Another important outcome of that study was the high interindividual variability in the biomarkers analysed [23,25,84]. Not only did the percentage of responders and non-responders vary between the two study groups, but there was also a large variability in the extent of the response, with variations in the range of 1-115 units decrease in total cholesterol or TG as an example.…”