Green solvents for membrane fabrication

2-Methylpyrazine: A Greener Solvent for Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) Membrane Fabrication

“…The HSP approach has been a valuable tool used by researchers to evaluate potential substitutes for solvents used in membrane fabrication throughout recent years. ,, However, it is imperative to acknowledge that this approach provides a theory-based estimation and experimental solubility results may differ in practice . To confirm the validity of solubility estimations, 10, 15, and 17 wt % of PES were dissolved in each solvent composition at 20 °C.…”

“…With a projected market growth to USD 6.8 billion in 2030, UF membranes will continue to be prevalent for the foreseeable future, presenting many avenues for future research and development of this technology as the world transitions to greener technologies. While membranes can be considered a green process, , one of the most popular methods employed to fabricate porous flat sheet membranes, nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS, Figure ), is currently not green because of the hazardous chemicals that are commonplace in this manufacturing process. , …”

“…In addition to utilizing hazardous solvents, this process generates large quantities of solvent-laden wastewater that must be properly treated to avoid adverse consequences when ultimately discharged to the environment. , NMP, DMF, and DMAc are the subject of increasing scrutiny arising from EU and U.S. regulatory agencies targeted at minimizing risks to the industrial workforce, the environment, and the public. − As the long-term effects of these common petroleum-derived solvents become more prevalent, a paradigm shift to sustainable, environmentally friendly solvents is essential to preserve the health and longevity of workers and the environment . These alternative solvents, known as green solvents, are less or nontoxic, renewable, and/or derived from sustainable starting materials .…”