Green sonochemical process for preparation of polyethylene glycol–Fe3O4/ZnO magnetic nanocomposite using rambutan peel extract as photocatalyst, for removal of methylene blue in solution

Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for the degradation of methylene blue dye, sulfisoxazole antibiotic and removal of bacteria from real water

“…In Figure 1 , the characteristic diffraction peaks for Fe 3 O 4 were observed and assigned as follows (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), (620) and (622) corresponding to the following 2θ values 14, 30, 35, 41, 45, 54 and 62, 66, 74° respectively [ 21 , 22 ]. The diffraction pattern for the plant synthesised Fe 3 O 4 NPs (JCP 22_33-0664) matches those of previously published chemical synthesized materials except the green materials have additional peaks and a slight peak shifting may have occurred, whereby they were also a bit broader, which then would also have an effect on the particle size of these materials [ 23 ]. These results corroborate with work that was done by Yogamoorthi et al.…”

“…Other groups from the plant extract that have been integrated onto the Fe 3 O 4 NPs as shown by dotted lines in Figure 2 are C–O–C, C–N (bent) and C=O (amide) at 1100, 1300 and 1600 cm −1 , respectively. The peak in the fingerprint region at 750 cm −1 due to Fe–O confirmed the formation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs [ 15 , 23 ]. Senhil et al (2022) synthesized Fe 3 O 4 NPs at room temperature using Tridax procumbens plant extract and reported that the carbohydrates from the plant extract acted as the reducing agents [ 20 ].…”

“…This then increases the OH − ions on the surface of the material. Thus increasing the OH − radicals as active sites on the surface [ 23 ]. This leads to a higher and complete degradation percentage of MB.…”

Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Oxides Nanomaterial: Green Synthesis and Environmental Catalytic

“…Specifically, the photodegradation efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 /ZnO reached 76.90% for TB (872.9 g/mol), 63.02% for EBT (461.4 g/mol) and 13.23% for MB (319.9 g/mol). We have studies the synthesis of (polyethylene glycol)-Fe 3 O 4 /ZnO material [86]. The main objective of this study is the preparation of a PEG (polyethylene glycol)-Fe 3 O 4 /ZnO magnetic nanocomposite using a green sonochemical synthesis method with rambutan peel extract as a stabilizing agent for photocatalytic methylene blue degradation.…”

Fe3O4/CuO/Chitosan Nanocomposites: An Ultrasound-Assisted Green Approach for Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties

“…Owing to their special physicochemical properties, such as different thermal, optical, electrical, and mechanical features, these materials have been used in many fields, including environmental treatment, − antibacterial systems, − magnetic sensors, electrochemical batteries, and fuel cells . In addition to coprecipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, and plasma methods, which are currently being developed, green synthesis methods use extracts from leaves, fruit peel, bacteria, and vitamins . Moreover, some fungi containing active redox species have been tested as reagents and stabilizers.…”