Green space associations with mental health and cognitive function

Hystad, Perry; Payette, Yves; Noisel, Nolwenn; Boileau, Cathérine

doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000040

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Further, the variation through major differences in contextual factors [88], which are known moderators or potential mediators like the built environment [89,90], green space [91,92,93], and social capital [94,95] could not be evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dzhambov

Lercher

2019

IJERPH

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Unlike other World Health Organization evidence reviews, the systematic review on mental disorders could not provide a quantitative estimate of the effect of environmental noise. With that in mind, we aimed to update it with additional studies published through to 18 August 2019 in order to allow for a formal meta-analysis of the association of residential road traffic noise with anxiety and depression. The quality effects and random effects estimators were used for meta-analysis and the robustness of findings was tested in several sensitivity analyses. Ten studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, from which we extracted 15 estimates for depression (n = 1,201,168) and five for anxiety (n = 372,079). Almost all studies were cross-sectional and the risk of bias in them was generally high. We found 4% (95% CI: −3%, 11%) higher odds of depression and 12% (95% CI: −4%, 30%) of anxiety associated with a 10 dB(A) increase in day–evening–night noise level (Lden). Both models suffered from moderate heterogeneity (55% and 54%), but there was evidence of publication bias only in the depression model. These findings were robust with no evidence of study-level moderators. A sensitivity analysis on an alternative set of categorically-reported estimates supported a linear relationship between Lden and depression. Taking into account an overall quality assessment for the included studies, we conclude that there is evidence of “very low” quality that increasing exposure to road traffic noise may be associated with depression and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dzhambov

Lercher

2019

IJERPH

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“…Two studies of 884 adults aged 65 years and older in the United States (US) 2 , and 1091 adults aged 70 years and older in Scotland illustrated the protective associations 3 . But another two studies of 949 adults aged 50 years and older in Chicago, US 4 , and 6,658 adults aged 40 to 69 years in Quebec, Canada found no association 5 . The inconsistent findings probably were due to their different assessments of residential greenness and cognitive function.…”

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confidence: 93%

APOE ε4 Modifies Effect of Residential Greenness on Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China

Zhu

Yan

Shu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We tested whether the protective effects of residential greenness on cognitive function differ by Apoe ε4 status by using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We calculated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using 500 m radii around residential addresses to measure greenness, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. We dichotomized the participants into APOE non-ε4 carriers, and APOE ε4 carriers. We applied the generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the association between baseline annual average NDVI, APOE ε4 carrier status, and cognitive impairment. Among 6,994 participants, 19.30% were Apoe ε4 carriers. Compared to APOE ε4 non-carriers, the APOE ε4 carriers had a 15% higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.26). There was an age difference; the protective effect of residential greenness (the highest vs. lowest quartile) on cognitive impairment was observed among the non-ε4 carriers (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95), but not among the ε4 carriers (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.34). However, the interaction term between annual average NDVI and APOE ε4 status was not significant (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.11). The protective effects of residential greenness on cognitive function differed by APOE ε4 status, which elucidated possible gene-environment interaction mechanisms in which residential greenness may benefit health.

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“…9 However, no association was found in 949 adults aged 50 years and older in Chicago, USA, 10 and 6658 adults aged 40-69 years in Quebec, Canada. 11 In contrast, higher levels of residential What this paper adds ► There was a protective association between residential greenness and cognitive function among older adults. ► Reduced residential greenness was associated with a higher odds of cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“… 10 A study of 6658 adults aged 40–69 years in Quebec, Canada, also reported no association between NDVI values in the 500 m radius around the residence, and cognitive function evaluated through the reaction time, working memory and executive function. 11 A study in the UK showed that a higher percentage of green space was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (defined as MMSE score<25) in 2424 participants aged 65 years and older. The authors pointed out that older adults living in the community with large green space might be isolated and have lower cognitive stimulation, or that older adults with cognitive impairment were likely to stay in the community with more green space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between residential greenness and cognitive function: analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

Zhu

Yan

et al. 2019

BMJNPH

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IntroductionProximity to vegetated green space has been linked to better physical and mental health. However, the relationship between residential greenness and cognitive function and its decline among older adults is not clear in large cohort studies.MethodsOur study used the 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using a 500 m radius around participants’ residential addresses. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to measure cognitive function. Our study included the cross-sectional analysis using the linear regression, and logistical regression, and also the longitudinal analysis using the linear mixed effects regression, and mixed effects logistic regression. Our study also conducted a sensitivity analysis using the survey-weighted regression. Additionally, our study participants were categorised into those living in areas of positive and negative changes in NDVI in relation to MMSE. All regression models were adjusted for a range of covariates.ResultsAmong 38 327 participants at baseline, the mean MMSE score was 21. Annual average NDVI ranged from −0.11 to 0.76. In the cross-sectional analysis, each 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 0.23-point increase in MMSE score (95% CI 0.16 to 0.29) in the linear regression, and an OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.96) of having cognition impairment in the logistic regression. In the second analysis, looking at changes in NDVI and MMSE score, compared with the participants living in areas with an increase in NDVI, those living in areas with a decrease in greenness had an OR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.34) of a decrease in MMSE, and an OR of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.96) of an increase in MMSE. In the longitudinal analysis, we found a significantly weak association (coefficient 0.069, 95% CI 0.0048 to 0.13) in the linear mixed effects regression, but not in the mixed effects logistic regression.ConclusionWe found evidence of an association between higher residential greenness and better cognitive function among older adults. Our finding provides insight into neurodegeneration and has implications for preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in China.

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Green space associations with mental health and cognitive function

Cited by 63 publications

References 35 publications

Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

APOE ε4 Modifies Effect of Residential Greenness on Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China

Association between residential greenness and cognitive function: analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

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