Sustainable urban policies International sustainable urban policies are increasingly important in the top-down approach to urban planning. Political documents on international and national levels are constantly being supplemented and upgraded. For our present purposes, the relevant documents on the international level under the auspices of the Organization of United Nations directing urban development are the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Agenda za trajnostni razvoj, 2015)-with Goal 11 stating "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable"-and the New Urban Agenda-Habitat III (Nova urbana agenda, 2016)-emphasizing "a vision of cities for all" in order to "produce just, safe, healthy, accessible, affordable, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements" on the global level. The relevant document on the European Union level is the Urban Agenda for the EU-Pact of Amsterdam (Urbana agenda EU, 2016). Common goals of all these three policies are comprehensive approaches, public participation, urban renovation/city regeneration through adequate density planning, sustainable construction, housing policy with emphasis on quality affordable housing, renewable energies, open built and green spaces, accessible water, quality air, and waste management. Concept of sustainable city Political endeavours towards more sustainable development have also motivated town and spatial planners to develop new approaches and concepts of "sustainable cities" in urban planning. As stated by Hesse and Schmitz (1998: 435), "growth of welfare mass motorization created conditions for leaving the city with its cramped living conditions". Consequentially, according to Hassan and Lee (2014: 1268), the "major concern is the unsustainable nature of cities and the problems resulting from urban sprawl. These issues have motivated planners, geographers and governments to seek appropriate solutions to the environmental, economic, and social problems through sustainable developments". Building on principles and goals of sustainable development, several different concepts of a sustainable city have appeared, such as "'green cities'; 'digital cities'; 'smart cities'; 'resilient cities'; 'eco-cities'; 'low carbon cities'"; and combinations thereof (de Jong et al., 2015). Williams (2010: 128) in his discourse on sustainable cities points out the existence of different "competing 'visions' of sustainable urbanism" and suggests a "multiplicity of socially-constructed potential futures" should be preferable to the "'one model fits all' approach", which might provide a good starting point for future development. After all, all cities are different, and their sustainable development is further influenced by their location, broader urban area, available resources and policies, which is why it is important for each city to find its own workable sustainable concept. Forms of sustainable cities Recent scholarly discussion on the forms of sustainable cities primarily highlights the concept of the compact city, accord...
