Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Alcea rosea flower extract as a new generation of antimicrobials

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed by treating Ag+ with Alcea rosea flower extract. AgNO3 concentration, flower extract quantity, and reaction temperature were found to be significant factors in the bioreduction reaction. Synthesized AgNPs were almost spherical in shape with an average diameter of 7.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that oxygen-bearing functional groups in the A. rosea flower extract are responsible for reduction of Ag+. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs against a Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria was determined to be 37.5 ?g/ml.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Mediterranean Cypress (<i>Cupressus sempervirens</i>) Leaf Extract

“…In our previous investigations we found that 5 mM silver nitrate is the best concentration for green synthesis of AgNPs (Ebrahiminezhad et al, 2016e;2016b). So, in this experiment final concentration of silver nitrate was set to be 5 mM.…”

“…Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) are one of the most studied and applied nanoparticles in medicine and biomedicine. These particles are well known as a potent antimicrobial against almost all bacterial strains (Ebrahiminezhad et al, 2016a;2016b;2016d). AgNPs are also effective against antibiotic resistant microorganisms and increase the efficiency of antibiotics (Devi and Joshi, 2012;Fayaz et al, 2011;Ruden et al, 2009;Shahverdi et al, 2007).…”

“…Microorganisms and plants are full of bioactive compounds with the capability for reducing and capping AgNPs. By using these compounds AgNPs can be reduced from Ag + ions through bottom up process in an eco-friendly manner (Ebrahiminezhad et al, 2016a;2016b;2016c;2016e). Since now, various microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi and microalgae) were determined for capability to biosynthesise AgNPs (Jain et al, 2010;Parikh et al, 2008;Mandal et al, 2006;Prakash et al, 2010;Sadowski, 2009;Mohammed Fayaz et al, 2011;Kalimuthu et al, 2008;Faghri Zonooz and Salouti, 2011;Bhainsa and D'Souza, 2006;Ingle et al, 2008;Karbasian et al, 2008).…”

“…Bioactive compounds from plants are the other source for natural reducing and capping agents. Bioactive compounds from various herbs and plants such as Piper longum, Crataegus douglasii, Nephelium lappaceum, Lippia citriodora, Plukenetia volubilis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Medicago sativa, Sterculia foetida, Cinnamon zeylanicum, Alcea rosea, Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla and black tea were used for synthesis of AgNPs in a sustainable manner (Cruz et al, 2010;Vivekanandhan et al, 2014;Reddy et al, 2014;Ghaffari-Moghaddam and Hadi-Dabanlou, 2014;Kumar et al, 2015;He et al, 2013;Lukman et al, 2011;Rajasekharreddy and Rani, 2014;Sathishkumar et al, 2009;Ebrahiminezhad et al, 2016b;2016e;2016c).…”

Iron-Reducing Bacteria and Iron Nanostructures

“…These nanostructures are now used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), magnetic transfection, hyperthermia, DNA and cell labelling, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Biosynthesized nanostructures are more interesting for these biomedical applications due to high biocompatibility and high physicochemical stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”