The harm of chromium pollution to the environment has caused a widespread concern; hexavalent chromium is a toxic, cancerogenic, and genetically mutagenic contaminant to the human body; by contrast, trivalent chromium is almost non-toxic to the human body; therefore, it is a feasible method to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. Photocatalysis is a new environmentally friendly and harmless technology, which can transform pollutants into non-toxic or less toxic products. In this study, we synthesized TiO 2 /rGO/CuO ternary nanocomposites to treat hexavalent chromium pollution under visible light. Under optimal conditions, the photoreduction efficiency of 100 ppm hexavalent chromium solution could reach 100% in 80 min. The photoreduction rate of hexavalent chromium is 29.4 times than that of pure TiO 2. The photocatalytic property of CuO in TG2C8 nanocomposites is attributed to accelerate the separation of electrons and holes and the efficient electron transfer through the rGO framework. We believe that TiO 2 /rGO/CuO composites have great potential in wastewater treatment. Keywords Wastewater treatment. TiO 2 nanorods. CuO nanoparticles. Photocatalysis. Visible light irradiation 1 Introduction The rapid growth of the battery industry, ceramics, mining, and global plastic production causes pollution of all kinds of heavy metals (Cr, Sb, Au, Ag, Hg, Pb, etc.) which threatens the environment and human health (Zhan et al. 2018; Wang et al., 2018a; Li et al. 2018). Chromium pollution, due to mining, electroplating, pigment production, wood preservation, tanning, and metallurgy, has become a key issue in aquatic ecosystems (Jiang et al. 2019; Guan, et al. 2019; Rahmat et al. 2020). Chromium exists mainly in water in two valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). By contrast, Cr(VI) is a toxic, cancerogenic, and mutagenic contaminant to creatures (Lyu et al. 2019; Yuan et al. 2019a; Wang et al. 2019). The US Environmental Protection Agency stipulates that the maximum concentration of Cr(VI) in surface water is 0.1 ppm and drinking water is 0.05 ppm (Lyu et al. 2019; Qiu et al. 2015). Compared with Cr(VI), Cr(III) is almost non-toxic and is a vital micronutrient for the human body. Cr(III) is easily chelated by natural clay or converted to Cr(OH) 3 and precipitated from water (Ksp(Cr(OH) 3) = 6.3 × 10 −31) (Barrera-Diaz et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2018b). Therefore, it is a