Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: an Overview on Green Chemistry and Its Applications

doi:10.33945/sami/chemm.2019.6.1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As typical AOPs, photocatalysis [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17], Fenton [18], and catalytic ozonation [19] have all been extensively studied. Photocatalytic technology typically harvests solar power (available in bulk at no cost) to convert organic matter into eco-friendly by-products, proving to be the most promising method for treating organic wastewater [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst

Chand¹,

Barthwal²,

Rawat³

et al. 2023

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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Semiconductor mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution for dye degradation and environmental remediation. Zinc Indium Sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) is a benign, eco-friendly, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, exhibiting excellent optoelectronic properties. In this work, we present a scalable, low temperature and template-free chemical aqueous solution method for the synthesis of ZIS. The obtained powder sample was used for a comparative dye degradation study of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dye. The higher photocatalytic efficiency of ZIS is due to the higher BET surface area (55.042 m2 g−1) and low band gap (2.3 eV). Under Sunlight, almost 80 percent degradation occurs within 20 min of the experiment for both Malachite green (MG) and anionic Congo red (CR) dye, outperforming previously reported results. Scavenger studies were used to figure out the radicals involved in photocatalytic mechanics and to come up with viable photocatalytic degradation routes. The reusability and stability of ZIS were carried out up to the 5th cycles. Our result revealed that ZIS possesses high stability, reusability, and efficient potential to be an effective dye degradation photocatalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst

Chand¹,

Barthwal²,

Rawat³

et al. 2023

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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“…Due to its extensive applications, several methods for the synthesis of benzimidazoles are studied using different reagents along with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. 4 The methods that use inorganic acids and oxidants to obtain benzimidazole from o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) and carbonyl derivatives produce a huge amount of wastewater, cause separation problems, lead to byproduct formations, etc. In the past two decades, publications have appeared on heterogeneous catalytic systems that use Pd/C and montmorillonite K-10 clay, Au/TiO 2 , CuO nanoparticles/SiO 2 , ZnO nanoparticles, nano solid acid catalysts, Pt/ZiO 2 , Ir/TiO 2 , Pt/TiO 2 , etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a significant scaffold for the synthesis of a huge number of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyestuffs, cosmetics, and high-temperature polymer products. Benzimidazole is a core chemical compound in the class of heterocyclics that have been utilized for a long time in medicinal chemistry. − Besides these applications, it is also used in chiral chemistry for the synthesis of chiral benzimidazoles having applications as therapeutic agents and as an organocatalyst in many chemical reactions. More recently, it has emerged to become a popular “nano” material in optical devices, chemical sensors with applications in medicine, chemical technology, and environmental science and it has multiple advantages over other sensing devices. − Benzimidazoles and their derivatives are also employed as supramolecular assemblies having applications in thermostable polymeric materials, as adsorbents and nanocontainers for small molecules .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bimetallic Cu–Ni Nanometal Supported over Mesocellular Silica Foam As a Novel Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazole in DMF As a Bifunctional Reagent

Mohire

Yadav

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Benzimidazole has several applications in different industries but is used mainly in the pharmaceutical sector. Due to its high demand, the production of benzimidazole by clean and green catalytic processes has become important. In the present study, we have optimized a method to achieve a one-pot synthesis of benzimidazole selectively over a meso-cellular foam (MCF) supported bimetallic catalyst, Cu–Ni@MCF. This catalyst provides active metal sites for hydrogenation of o-nitroaniline to o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) as well as cyclization of OPDA into the final product, benzimidazole. Along with the bifunctionality of the catalyst, the solvent consisting of a mixture of dimethylformamide (DMF) and water (2:1) plays a significant role in providing the in situ source of hydrogen and carbon dioxide for both the hydrogenation and cyclization steps, respectively. o-Nitroaniline is converted into the final desired product in 6 h at 180 °C and 800 rpm (for the lab reactor). Characterization of the synthesized catalyst was done to understand its activity and selectivity. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were established, and the apparent activation energy was calculated. Optimization studies were done to get the best results for the reaction. The non-noble-supported nanometal catalyst aids in cutting down the cost of the overall system and reduces the reaction period. It is a clean and green process.

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“…Benzimidazole and its derivatives are fundamental building blocks in many kinds of functional compounds, especially in drugs and bioactive molecules, [1][2][3][4] and widely used in anti-cancer, 5 anti-inflammatory, 6 anti-bacterial, 7 anti-oxidant, 8 anti-coagulant 9 and so on. 10 Therefore, it is of great significance to find a simple, economic and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Improved Synthesis of Benzimidazole with the Catalysis of a New Calcium 4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoate

Gao¹,

Gao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

ACSi

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In this paper, we explored the synthesis of benzimidazole by the reaction of DMF and o-phenylenediamine. In the process of catalyst screening, we found that 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid could catalyze the reaction. Moreover, the calcium 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate and CO2 could more effectively catalyze the reaction, the synergistic effect of CO2 and 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid calcium salt can increase the yield of benzimidazole from 28% to 94%.

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Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: an Overview on Green Chemistry and Its Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst

Bimetallic Cu–Ni Nanometal Supported over Mesocellular Silica Foam As a Novel Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazole in DMF As a Bifunctional Reagent

CO2 Improved Synthesis of Benzimidazole with the Catalysis of a New Calcium 4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoate

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Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: an Overview on Green Chemistry and Its Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst

Bimetallic Cu–Ni Nanometal Supported over Mesocellular Silica Foam As a Novel Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazole in DMF As a Bifunctional Reagent

CO2 Improved Synthesis of Benzimidazole with the Catalysis of a New Calcium 4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoate

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A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst

A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst