Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using roots extract of Ziziphus Oxyphylla Edgew its characterization and antibacterial activity

Abstract

In this modern era, antibiotic resistance is a significant issue that poses a threat to public health. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science because nanoparticles could be the best alternative to antibiotics. Most nanoparticles are prepared by the green synthesis method because of their less toxicity, low cost, and non-hazardous nature. In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) were synthesized from roots extract of Ziziphus Oxyphylla Edgew by using cobalt chloride hexahydrate. After the successful synthesis of nanoparticles, various methods were used to analyze these nanoparticles, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy dispersive analysis of x-ray. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal the spherical and irregular structure of Co3O4-NPs shaving a particle size between 40 to 60 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with face-centered cubic structure and a size of 15-20 nm. The antibacterial activity of Co3O4-NPs was analyzed for different dilutions against two different bacteria: gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition against gram-negative E. coli was calculated as 23.1 mm and 14.8 mm against S. aureus at a dilution of 16 mg/ml of cobalt oxide nanoparticle. This revealed the wide spectrum of antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticle. It is suggested that root extract of cobalt oxide nanoparticles could be of great importance in pharmaceutical and medical science for their antimicrobial activity.

Comparative Bioactivity Analysis of Green-Synthesized Metal (Cobalt, Copper, and Selenium) Nanoparticles

“…Over the past decade, modern nanotechnology processes have drawn more attention due to the low cost of inorganic metals as precursors for antibacterial agents. These metals are highly selective, exhibit resistance to high temperatures, and have long-lasting stabilized elements compared to other organic agents [ 4 ]. Various applications utilize NPs like zinc oxide, gold, selenium, silver, sulfide, platinum, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, chitosan, palladium, cellulose, silica, iron, antimony trioxide, zirconium dioxide, and cobalt.…”

“…Kondaparthi et al reported that selenium exhibits antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties [ 7 ]. Similarly, cobalt NPs (CoNPs) are environmentally friendly and have a wide range of applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environmental remediation, pigments, and dyes [ 4 ]. Due to their unique characteristics, nano-copper has been the focus of research efforts over the past decade.…”

An efficient method for the preparation of magnetic Co3O4 nanoparticles and the study of their catalytic application

“…Among different magnetic nanoparticles, cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) NPs are very interesting due to their high chemical stability, good reactivity, high surface area, excellent semiconductivity, easy synthesis, high catalytic performance, and superior magnetic properties. These nanoparticles have many applications, such as in energy storage, sensors, anodic supplies, drug delivery, and catalysis (Kumar et al, 2008;Koza et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2015;Agilandeswari and Rubankumar, 2016;Ivetić et al, 2016;Pourzare et al, 2017;Galini et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2019;Tahanpesar et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2020;Tonelli et al, 2020;Al-Qasmi, 2022;Anele et al, 2022;Bilge et al, 2022;Farrag and Ali, 2022;Mohammadpour-Haratbar et al, 2022;Saeed et al, 2022). The chemical formula of these NPs is Co 2+ (Co 3+ ) 2 O 4 with a normal spinel structure in which Co 2+ ions are in tetrahedral interstices and Co 3+ ions are in the octahedral interstices of the cubic closepacked lattice of oxide anions (Salavati-Niasari et al, 2009;Thota et al, 2009).…”

In Situ Green Synthesis of Co3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using Datura stramonium Leaf Extract: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies

“…Among inorganic oxides, Co 3 O 4 is an attractive oxide because of its mechanical strength, availability, and its cost in contrast to other noble materials such as Ag, Au, and Pt [23][24][25]. Te nanostructure of Co 3 O 4 has several properties that enable it to be used in diferent felds of study.…”

“…Due to their novel properties, the hybridized structure called core-shell nanoparticles of Co 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs has been designed to investigate their synergistic efects specifcally on antibacterial strains. Based on their novelty and physicochemical properties, Co 3 O 4 has been designated as the core of the nanoparticles whereas ZnO NPs serves as the shell in this particular study [24,33,34].…”