Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Withania somnifera and Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

This study employed green chemistry to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using fresh root extract of Withania somnifera. The size, shape, morphology, and stability of resultant CuNPs were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectrophotometer. Crude extracts were assessed phytochemically to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show maximum absorption at 330 nm, and FTIR showed the presence of biological molecules responsible for reducing Cu+ ions. In TEM and EDS analyses, the average diameter of the synthesized NPs was found to be 6.28 ± 1.13 nm . The crystal structure of synthesized nanoparticle was determined using XRD analysis and showed its peak at 36.34°, 43.33°, 50.47°, and 73.57°, which corresponds to the cubic lattice of copper. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus by the agar well diffusion method which showed higher efficiency against S. aureus. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by DPPH assay, and the percentage of inhibition was found to be 62% at the concentration of 400 μg/ml and the IC50 value was 51.53 μg/ml. The present investigation suggests that the biosynthesized CuNPs showed prominent antibacterial and free radical scavenging potential. The result proved that root extract of W. somnifera could be applied for synthesis of nanoparticle CuNPs with high uniform particle size along with potent biological activity.

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from the Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Photocatalytic Activities

“…The sharp peak at 330 nm during UV-Vis was due to the surface Plasmon resonance phenomenon (Figure 2). Our results of characterization related to UV-Vis are in accordance with the earlier studies of Shanmugapriya et al [41] who showed that UV-Vis of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles from Withaniasomnifera was 330 nm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nanoparticles were neither aggregated nor clumped (Figure 3A) and the presence of elemental copper was confirmed by EDX (Figure 3B).…”

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Citrullus colocynthis Peel Extract and Antibacterial Activity for Biomedical Applications

“…This observation emphasises the remarkable capacity of Citrullus colocynthis peel extract to effectively cap and stabilise CuNPs. 30 Using the UV-vis spectral data, the band gap energy was calculated according to Tauc's relation (Eq. 1):…”

Silver nanoparticle biosynthesis utilizing Ocimum kilimandscharicum leaf extract and assessment of its antibacterial activity against certain chosen bacteria

“…The antibacterial activity of the crude extract and silver nanoparticles was assessed using the Agar diffusion technique, as described by Ali et al ., Ahmad et al ., Shanmugapriya et al . [ 24 – 26 ] with slight modifications. 5 Muller Hinton Agar (5.6 grams) was dissolved in 200 milliliters of distilled water, heated, and autoclaved under specific parameters.…”