Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Extract of Pistacia chinensis and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities

Abstract

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using plant extracts is previously explored in phytomedicines. Nanobiotechnology has many applications, including cosmetic, packing, coating, biomedicine, and enhanced biological activity. Keeping in view the importance of Pistacia chinensis, its gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesized by the eco-friendless and cost-effective method. In this study, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by advanced techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The biological activities of these synthesized nanoparticles were examined in vitro by measuring the enzymatic inhibition potential on urease and carbonic anhydrase and in vivo by determining the analgesic and sedative activities. The UV spectrum indicated various peaks at the range of 530-550 nm, showing nanoparticles formation. The FT-IR spectroscopy of the extracts and AuNPs indicated the presence of NH, C═N, and N═O in the extract involved in the nanoparticles synthesis. The size of nanoparticles was determined by AFM analysis. The AFM showed that the nanoparticles range from 10 to 100 nm and are almost spherical in shape. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited significant urease inhibition potential with an IC50 value of 44.98. Similarly, the nanoparticles exhibited good carbonic anhydrase inhibition with an IC50 value of 53.54 against acetazolamide having IC50 0.13. Pistacia chinensis extract and its AuNPs exhibited excellent attenuation p < 0.01 in acetic acid-induced writhing model at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a significant sedative effect p < 0.001 compared to the standard drug. This research work has developed a green method to synthesize nanoparticles by using Pistacia chinensis extract and directed the researcher to purify active phytochemicals from Pistacia chinensis involved in nanoparticles synthesized.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrsine africana Leaf Extract for Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytotoxic Activities

“…However, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has become more important than chemical and physical methods [ 3 ]. Green synthesis involves the use of plants for the synthesis of various types of nanoparticles [ 4 ]. Green synthesis is a simple, environmentally friendly, non-polluting, antitoxic, and cost-effective technique.…”

Plant-Based Extracts as Reducing, Capping, and Stabilizing Agents for the Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles

“…In most cases, the reduction of gold is monitored by a color change from pale pink to ruby red, or to dark violet from yellow for AuCl3 and HAuCl4, respectively, as AuNPs precursors [16,20,21]. The green-mediated AuNPs exhibit XRD patterns of a face center cubic structure [( 111), ( 200), (220), and (311)] [16,18] and UVvisible absorption peaks between 530 and 550 nm [23], with an Eg value of 1.9 eV [20].…”

“…In most cases, the reduction of gold is monitored by a color change from pale pink to ruby red, or to dark violet from yellow for AuCl 3 and HAuCl 4 , respectively, as AuNPs precursors [16,20,21]. The greenmediated AuNPs exhibit XRD patterns of a face center cubic structure [( 111), (200), (220), and (311)] [16,18] and UV-visible absorption peaks between 530 and 550 nm [23], with an Eg value of 1.9 eV [20]. In general, the methanolic and aqueous extracts from flowers, roots, seeds, fruits, and leaves of different plants have been used for the green synthesis of AuNPs with spherical shapes and sizes from 4 to 100 nm for diverse applications [15,18,20,23].…”

Biosynthesis and Multifaceted Characterization of Breynia nivosa-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Biomedical Applications

“…The potential of B. nivosa extract and Ag-NPs to inhibit α-amylase was determined by measuring the absorbance at 540 nm using a double-beam UV−vis spectrophotometer (TU 1901 plus), with acarbose as the standard, as reported previously. 37 The percentage inhibition was calculated using the formula below = × percentage inhibition Abs(S) Abs(T) Abs(S) 100 (5) where Abs (S) is the absorbance of standard and Abs (T) is the absorbance of test sample. IC 50 was calculated from the graph plotted between percentage of inhibition and concentrations.…”

“…Green synthesis is a specific biological method that utilizes medicinal plants for nanoparticle preparation . The incorporation of medicinal plants in nanotechnology offers advantages due to the presence of phytochemicals in medicinal plants, which exhibit many pharmacological activities and enhance the properties of nanoparticles. , Nanoparticles synthesized through green synthesis show promise as innovative agents for various biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects, without causing serious side effects . In the green synthesis method, the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts act as strong capping agents and stabilizers, preventing the aggregation or coagulation of nanoparticles .…”