Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Bovine Serum Albumin for Linezolid Drug Delivery as Potential Wound Healing Biomaterial: Bio-Synergistic Approach, Antibacterial Activity, and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation

Ghataty, Dina Saeed; Amer, Reham I.; Amer, Mai A.; Rahman, Mohamed F. Abdel; Shamma, Rehab Nabil

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15010234

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Figure 8f shows in vitro release profiles. Figure 8g shows the comparison of in vitro release profile of the LNZ, LNZ-BCDs nanocomposite [67]. It is visible that there is the release of almost 98 ± 0.5% after 6 h of LNZ from the free drug LNZ solution.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Using Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The optical absorption spectroscopy of carbon nanomaterials for cytotoxic investigations was performed in Refs. [50,67]. In this section, we review the most interesting investigations.…”

Section: Optical Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors of Ref. [67] investigated synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid, BCDs nano-biocarrier, and LNZ-BCDs nanocomposite with optical absorption spectroscopy. Figure 1c shows the OAS spectra of LNZ, BCDs, and LNZ-BCDs nanocomposite.…”

Section: Optical Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicology issues are connected with drug delivery and bioimaging. The drug delivery is controlled by water solubility, biocompatibility, blood circulation time, targeting, and accumulation of therapeutics in diseased cells and tissues for carbon nanotubes [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], graphene [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], fullerenes [63], dots [64][65][66][67]. The diagnostic method, bioimaging, is connected with the penetration of drugs and diagnostic agents into tissues and cells and the sensitivity of detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

Kharlamova

Kramberger

2023

Nanomaterials

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The cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials is a very important issue for microorganisms, animals, and humans. Here, we discuss the issues of cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and dots. Cytotoxicity issues, such as cell viability and drug release, are considered. The main part of the review is dedicated to important cell viability issues. They are presented for A549 human melanoma, E. coli, osteosarcoma, U2-OS, SAOS-2, MG63, U87, and U118 cell lines. Then, important drug release issues are discussed. Bioimaging results are shown here to illustrate the use of carbon derivatives as markers in any type of imaging used in vivo/in vitro. Finally, perspectives of the field are presented. The important issue is single-cell viability. It can allow a correlation of the functionality of organelles of single cells with the development of cancer. Such organelles are mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, and reticulum. It allows for finding biochemical evidence of cancer prevention in single cells. The development of investigation methods for single-cell level detection of viability stimulates the cytotoxicity investigative field. The development of single-cell microscopy is needed to improve the resolution and accuracy of investigations. The importance of cytotoxicity is drug release. It is important to control the amount of drug that is released. This is performed with pH, temperature, and electric stimulation. Further development of drug loading and bioimaging is important to decrease the cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials. We hope that this review is useful for researchers from all disciplines across the world.

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Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Using Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The optical absorption spectroscopy of carbon nanomaterials for cytotoxic investigations was performed in Refs. [50,67]. In this section, we review the most interesting investigations.…”

Section: Optical Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

Kharlamova

Kramberger

2023

Nanomaterials

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“…Staphylococcus aureus were cultivated on blood agar and exposed to pure CO 2 , a standard anaerobic gas, or air, over a period of 24 h [ 4 ]. Recent studies on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were concerned with antibacterial material and pathogeny [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The survival of Escherichia coli , P. aeruginosa , Enterobacter cloacae , and Klebsiella pneumonia were investigated in bottled still water and demonstrated a reduction of colony-forming units (CFUs) over a period of twenty days [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: The Lifespan of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in Bottled Carbonated Mineral Water

Schalli

Platzer

Schmutz

et al. 2023

Biology

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During the process of mineral water production, many possible contamination settings can influence the quality of bottled water. Microbial contamination can originate from different sources, for example, the ambient air, the bottles, the caps, and from the bottling machine itself. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (3.0 g/L, 5.5 g/L, and 7.0 g/L; 20 bottles each) in bottled mineral water on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis). The examined mineral water was artificially contaminated before capping the bottles inside the factory. After a specific number of days, water samples were taken from freshly opened bottles and after filtration (100 mL), filters were placed on Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood to cultivate S. aureus and Slanetz and Bartley Agar to cultivate Ent. faecalis. The respective colony-forming units (CFU) were counted after incubation times ranging from 24 to 120 h. Colony-forming units of S. aureus were not detectable after the 16th and 27th day, whereas Ent. faecalis was not cultivable after the 5th and 13th day when stored inside the bottles. The investigation of the bottles that were stored open for a certain amount of time with CO2 bubbling out showed only single colonies for S. aureus after the 5th day and no CFUs for Ent. faecalis after the 17th day. A reduction in the two investigated bacterial strains during storage in carbonated mineral water bottles means that a proper standardized disinfection and cleaning procedure, according to valid hygiene standards of industrial bottling machines, cannot be replaced by carbonation.

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