Green synthesis of Piper chaudocanum stem extract mediated silver nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of Hg ²⁺ ions and antibacterial activity

Abstract

A green synthetic approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the stem extract of Piper chaudocanum for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg 2+ with a low limit of detection of 23 nM and easy colorimetric read-out has been reported. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized AgNPs were examined using SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD and FT-IR analyses. The XRD and TEM results confirm the formation of AgNPs with an average particle size of 8–12 nm. The TLC, CC and HPLC revealed that four main compounds, pentacosanoic acid ( 1 ), piperine ( 2 ), β -sitosterol ( 3 ), and campesterol glucoside ( 4 ), isolated from P. chaudocanum extract act as reducing and stabilizing agents for AgNP formation, and piperine plays a vital role in green synthesis. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by ESI MS, FTIR, and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data analysis. This approach is an efficient, green, cost-effective, eco-friendly and promising technique for synthesizing AgNPs with applications in the colorimetric detection of Hg 2+ and antibacterial activity.

Characterization and Bioactivity of Piper chaudocanum L. Extract-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Co-Precipitation Method

“…However, in the case that the P. chaudocanum L. extract was added into the Zn (II) solution before the addition of the alkaline hydroxide solution, an interaction between the Zn (II) ions and the P. chaudocanum L. extract would occur, which was reflected by a reduction in the XRD diffraction peak intensity and an increase in the diffraction peak width of ZPS samples versus ZSP samples. The research [23] reported that the P. chaudocanum L. extract contained a wide range of substances, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and piperine, an amide alkaloid that was considered to be a key component [23]. This suggested the formation of a complex between Zn (II) ions and the P. chaudocanum L. in the case of the ZPS samples, which are explained by the Equations ( 4) and ( 5) below:…”

“…Several Piper species, such as P. longum [20], P. betle [21], and P. nigrum [22] have been employed as reducing and capping agents in the production of ZnO NPs. Recently, P. chaudocanum L., a member of the Piper genus, has been in employment to synthesize nanoparticles [23][24][25][26] because it comprises various compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and piperine. This amide alkaloid is considered to be a chief constituent [23].…”

“…Recently, P. chaudocanum L., a member of the Piper genus, has been in employment to synthesize nanoparticles [23][24][25][26] because it comprises various compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and piperine. This amide alkaloid is considered to be a chief constituent [23]. For instance, the extract of P. chaudocanum L. stems and essential oils from P. chaudocanum leaves were used as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs from AgNO 3 [23,24].…”

“…This amide alkaloid is considered to be a chief constituent [23]. For instance, the extract of P. chaudocanum L. stems and essential oils from P. chaudocanum leaves were used as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs from AgNO 3 [23,24]. The prepared AgNPs showed a high antibacterial activity against ailments, and they were an Hg 2+ colorimetric detection in a solution.…”

Green synthesis of ZnO dopped Piper chaudocanum leaf extract by co-precipitation method: characterization, antibacterial and anticancer activity

“…Piper chaudocanum (P.) belongs to the Piper genus, which has well known for the treatment of headache, hot liver, body aches, epilepsy in children, colds and u to cure all kinds of poisons and weather diseases. Piper chaudocanum consists of compounds, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, avonoids, steroids, tannins and phenolic compounds and piperine, an amide alkaloid such as a major compound [25]. Many plants belonging to the Piper genus such as P. longum [26], P. betle [27] and P. nigrum [28] were used as reducing and capping agents in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs for application in anticancer and antibacterial.…”