Green Synthesis of InP/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Application in Heavy-Metal-Free Light-Emitting Diodes

Kuo, Tsung‐Rong; Hung, Shih Ting; Lin, Yu-Fang; Chou, Tzu Lin; Kuo, Ming-Cheng; Kuo, Ya Pei; Chen, Chia Chun

doi:10.1186/s11671-017-2307-2

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In recent years, people have developed many non-cadmium QDs because of their concerns on the risk of cadmium exposure from cadmium-containing QDs. InP/ZnS QDs as frequently used non-cadmium QDs have emerged as a presumably less hazardous alternative to cadmium-based QDs ( Kuo et al, 2017 ). However, toxicity studies on InP/ZnS QDs have just begun, and little has been known about their toxicological effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots With Different Surface Functional Groups Toward Two Lung-Derived Cell Lines

Chen

et al. 2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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Although InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a presumably less hazardous alternative to cadmium-based QDs, their toxicity has not been fully understood. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS QDs with different surface groups (NH2, COOH, OH) toward two lung-derived cell lines. The diameter and the spectra of InP/ZnS QDs were characterized and the hydrodynamic size of QDs in aqueous solution was compared. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was applied to visualize the labeling of QDs for human lung cancer cell HCC-15 and Alveolar type II epithelial cell RLE-6TN. The flow cytometry was used to confirm qualitatively the uptake efficiency of QDs, the cell apoptosis and ROS generation, respectively. The results showed that in deionized water, InP/ZnS-OH QDs were easier to aggregate, and the hydrodynamic size was much greater than the other InP/ZnS QDs. All these InP/ZnS QDs were able to enter the cells, with higher uptake efficiency for InP/ZnS-COOH and InP/ZnS-NH2 at low concentration. High doses of InP/ZnS QDs caused the cell viability to decrease, and InP/ZnS-COOH QDs and InP/ZnS-NH2 QDs appeared to be more toxic than InP/ZnS-OH QDs. In addition, all these InP/ZnS QDs promoted cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS generation after co-cultured with cells. These results suggested that appropriate concentration and surface functional groups should be optimized when InP/ZnS QDs are utilized for biological imaging and therapeutic purpose in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots With Different Surface Functional Groups Toward Two Lung-Derived Cell Lines

Chen

et al. 2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…We further explored the formation of the ZnS matrix by measuring the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of InP core QDs, InP/ZnS QDs, and InP/ZnS QDs in the ZnS matrix (Figure c). The main peaks of InP at 26.3, 43.6, and 51.6° correspond to the (111), (220), and (311) planes of the zinc blende crystal structure . The three main peaks of ZnS located at 28.5, 47.4, and 56.3° were indexed to the (111), (220), and (311) planes of the zinc blende crystal structure, respectively .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

InP-Quantum-Dot-in-ZnS-Matrix Solids for Thermal and Air Stability

Lee

Sagar

et al. 2020

Chem. Mater.

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InP/ZnS core/shell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates as Cd-and Pb-free emitters owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission linewidth, and color tunability in the visible range. However, the stability of QD solid films remains an issue: they are vulnerable to oxygen, moisture, and heat. Here, we report the encapsulation of InP/ZnS QDs in a lattice-matched ZnS matrix. We do so by developing a biphasic ligand exchange and uniting it with a sol−gel film assembly. Conventional ZnS precursors, which rely on neutral thiourea, fail to stabilize the QDs in highly polar solvents, leading to their agglomeration prior to matrix formation. Here, we substitute thiourea with ammonium thiocyanatean ionic compound isomer of thioureato stabilize InP/ZnS QDs in a ZnS matrix precursor solution. The stabilized QD and precursor solution is then cast and annealed to trigger the formation of a homogeneous and robust ZnS matrix that protects the QDs. The resulting QD solid films show invariant optical properties following annealing at 200 °C for 1 h under ambient conditions, under continuous laser excitation at 60 mW cm −2 for 180 min, and also after a month of storage under ambient conditions. In contrast, the control film exhibits significant degradation of its optical properties after annealing at 200 °C for 1 h, under laser excitation within 20 min, and under ambient conditions within 10 days.

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“…can be fabricated by green methods [166]. Thus, heavy-metal-free InP/ZnS core/shell QDs (4 nm average diameter, quantum yield of 60.1%) with maximum fluorescence peak at approximately 530 nm were solvothermally synthesized from InI 3 and ZnCl 2 as metal-containing precursors at optimal temperature 70°C [172]. Relatively water-soluble lead sulfide QDs were prepared using GSH and 3-MPA (mercaptopropionic acid) as the stabilizing/capping ligand under 30 min sonication [173].…”

Section: Nanoparticles Of Other Chemical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener synthesis of chemical compounds and materials

et al. 2019

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Modern trends in the greener synthesis and fabrication of inorganic, organic and coordination compounds, materials, nanomaterials, hybrids and nanocomposites are discussed. Green chemistry deals with synthesis procedures according to its classic 12 principles, contributing to the sustainability of chemical processes, energy savings, lesser toxicity of reagents and final products, lesser damage to the environment and human health, decreasing the risk of global overheating, and more rational use of natural resources and agricultural wastes. Greener techniques have been applied to synthesize both well-known chemical compounds by more sustainable routes and completely new materials. A range of nanosized materials and composites can be produced by greener routes, including nanoparticles of metals, non-metals, their oxides and salts, aerogels or quantum dots. At the same time, such classic materials as cement, ceramics, adsorbents, polymers, bioplastics and biocomposites can be improved or obtained by cleaner processes. Several non-contaminating physical methods, such as microwave heating, ultrasound-assisted and hydrothermal processes or ball milling, frequently in combination with the use of natural precursors, are of major importance in the greener synthesis, as well as solventless and biosynthesis techniques. Non-hazardous solvents including ionic liquids, use of plant extracts, fungi, yeasts, bacteria and viruses are also discussed in relation with materials fabrication. Availability, necessity and profitability of scaling up green processes are discussed.

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Green Synthesis of InP/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Application in Heavy-Metal-Free Light-Emitting Diodes

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots With Different Surface Functional Groups Toward Two Lung-Derived Cell Lines

Cytotoxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots With Different Surface Functional Groups Toward Two Lung-Derived Cell Lines

InP-Quantum-Dot-in-ZnS-Matrix Solids for Thermal and Air Stability

Greener synthesis of chemical compounds and materials

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