Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Recent Applications

Abstract

Green synthesis offers a superior alternative to traditional methods for producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. This approach is not only benign and safe but also cost-effective, scalable, and straightforward, operating under ambient conditions. Notable metals and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as manganese oxides, iron oxides, silver, and gold, have been produced using various bio-reductants derived from plant extracts. These biological agents not only expedite the reduction process but also stabilize the nanoparticles, serving dual roles as reducing and capping agents. This review presents the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from biogenic wastes and plant extracts. The green-synthesized nanostructured MnO2 are evaluated as a potential photocatalyst for water treatment and as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The green-derived iron oxide nanoparticles are examined as promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic agents. Additionally, this review discusses the green synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles, specifically silver (Ag NPs) and gold (Au NPs), highlighting their potential medical applications in areas like antiviral treatments and cancer therapy.

Tagetes erecta-Mediated Biosynthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles: Structural, Electrochemical, and Biological Investigations

“…In recent years, the synthesis of metal NPs by efficient green chemistry methods has become a key focus of researchers because it offers a superior alternative to traditional procedures. 16 This approach is not only straightforward but also cost-effective, benign, safe, scalable, and operates under ambient conditions. Plant-based biological agents play a dual role as reducing as well as capping agents.…”