“…CQDs have been made from a variety of natural carbon sources, according to previous studies) such as citric acid, [14,61,58,61,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]79,80,83,84] lotus roots, [85] acyclic acid, [5] EDTA, [86] methyl-β-cyclodextrin, [87] [C 4 mim][Cys], [88,89] L-cysteine, [56,80,91,92] scallions, [93] bean pod, [65] ammonium citrate (AC), [94] casein, [95] MEATG, [96] thiomalic acid, [97] willow catkin cellulose-based biowaste, [98,99,100] palm shell powder, [101] green tea leaf, [102] citric acid monohydrate, [103] sodium citrate, [104] cigarette butts, [105] DMSO, [106] garlic, [107] casein, [109] rosa indica, [109] water chestnut and onion,…”