Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Plant Extract: A Review

Abstract

: From last two decades, extensive research is going on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their application in field of medical, cosmetic, catalyst, packaging, photonics, agriculture and electronics. However, these nanoparticles show toxicity to the environmental, human and animal health. The toxicity effects of nanoparticles are mainly due to its size which can be easily pass through physiological barriers and the other due to the synthesis procedure. The toxicity due to their size cannot be avoided but toxicity due to synthesis process can be nullified by adopting biosynthesis process. Bacteria, fungus, fish scales, plant extracts and algae are used to synthesize metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles such as silver, gold, iron-oxide, zinc-oxide, zirconia, etc. From last a few year researchers are working on plant extracts synthesis methods to produce stable, cost-effective and economical these nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on biosynthesis of nanoparticles using different parts of plant extracts. The review contains summary of selected papers from 2018 – 20 with detail description of process of synthesis, mechanism, characterization and their application in various fields of biosynthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

Green biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles: biological applications, optimizations and future prospects

“…The precursor solution for the required MNP synthesis is mixed with the plant extract after consecutive steps of squeezing and filtration. Following the addition of MNP precursor solution, the color of the plant extract begins to change which indicates the formation of MNPs [ 77 ].…”

Revisiting the Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Uncovering Influences of Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents for Enhanced Synthesis Efficiency and Its Biomedical Applications

“…Furthermore, this approach consumes less energy and has both simple and broad applications. 39 , 40 For the bio-friendly synthesis of NPs, diverse plant extracts obtained from various components, including the plant stems, bark, roots, floral parts, leaves, seeds and fruit have been employed. 41–43 In recent years, a range of green synthesized nano-sized materials, obtained from various medicinal plant species, have been described ( Table 1 ).…”

Phytosynthesis of Cadmium Oxides Nanoparticles by Crude Extract of Urtica Dioica

“…Nontoxic, ecologically friendly, and biodegradable nanoparticles may be created through biosynthesis (Kuppusamy et al, 2014). Biosynthesis to create nanoparticles rather than conventional chemicals for bio reduction and capping (Nande et al, 2021). The biosynthesized nanoparticles have distinct and increased characteristics that make them suitable for biological applications (Hasan, 2015;Koul et al, 2021).…”