Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Mediated by Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Applications in Water Treatment

Abstract

The use of environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents (DES) in green synthesis of different types of nanoparticles has garnered increasing interest in recent years. The application of these materials in water treatment, mainly by adsorption or degradation, is emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional methodologies. However, the information about the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using DES is dispersed in the literature. This review is focused on compiling and systematizing information regarding DES-mediated NP synthesis, the application of these NPs in water treatment, and future perspectives of these technologies. DES represent an excellent alternative to traditional solvents in NP synthesis due to their low toxicity, low cost, and being environmentally friendly. The possible NP surface functionalization with DES is also attractive as it plays a pivotal role in processes related to water treatment. Modification and synthesis of carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, magnetic iron oxides, among others, for the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, metal ions, herbicides, pesticides, and other water contaminants found in recent literature are presented in this work. Finally, the possibility to control NP size and shape can be helpful in the design of new materials for a specific application.

Removal of Hazardous Organic Dyes from Liquid Wastes Using Advanced Nanomaterials

“…The average size of the char was of 190 nm, however, after the adsorption of the dye the average size increased to 460 nm. The adsorption of Congo Red was studied under different dye concentrations (5-50 mg/L), reaction time (30 min-four hours), pH (6)(7)(8)(9), and char dosages (0.5-2 g/100 mL). RSM-BBD design results showed maximum removal efficiency (99.96%) at pH 6.37, dye concentration of 45 mg/L, time 105 min, and biochar dosage of 1.92 g. Adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir Type-II isotherm with maximum upload of almost 18 mg/g.…”

“…A nanobiosorbent was fabricated via microwave crosslinking of nanosilica gel with banana peels nanobiochar (BPNB) and chitosan hydrogel (Chit Hgel) to produce BPNB-NSiO2-Chit Hgel nanobiosorbent (22.48-26.23 nm) [57]. The influence of nanobiosorbent dosage (1-50 mg), pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), reaction time (1-45 min), dye concentration (5-100 mg/L), temperature (15-60 o C), and interfering salts on the adsorption of Congo Red was investigated. Maximum dye uptake were about 58 mg/g.…”

Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis

“…Under visible-light irradiation, the NiV/NR hybrid demonstrated a high efficiency, degrading 94.6% of MO and 96.7% of CV. Positive results were achieved for the simultaneous degradation of dyes and total organic carbon (TOC) removal [11].…”