Green Synthesis of Oligomer Calixarenes

Abstract

The synthesis of calixarenes can be conventionally done by heating at high temperature for a few hours and using various solvents in large quantities. The greener synthesis can be done with microwave-assisted synthesis and the solvent-free method, where both of these methods can reduce reaction time, energy use, solvent, and waste, with a higher percentage yield than that from the conventional synthesis method, making the synthesis of cyclic oligomer calixarenes and their derivatives more environmentally friendly.

Microwave‐assisted synthesis and heterocyclic functionalization of chromenopyridines on calixarene scaffold

“…Chloropyridines/calixarene were added with a molar ratio of 2:1 to control the reaction ratio. Because of the orientation stereochemistry, the functionalization was selective to 1,3‐hydroxyl groups, only not all the hydroxyl groups because of the steric hindrance effect …”

Modifying and Taming Photoactive Compounds Using Synthetic Macrocycles as Supramolecular Hosts

“…Pyrogallolarenes (also called calix [4]pyrogallolarenes) are based on the condensation of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) with an aldehyde, whereas resorcinarenes (also called resorcarenes or calixresorcinarenes) are based on the condensation of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) with an aldehyde. [60] Calixarenes can also be stacked together to form elongated macrocycles. [61] Calixarenes can offer product selectivity.…”

Unraveling the role of superalkalis in modulating the static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of emerging calix[4]arenes

“…42 The structural modifications in the calix [4]arene (CX [4]) structure have been investigated by many groups to check its impact in different applications. 43,44 For instance, the CX [4] skeleton was fused with a cycloparaphenylene (CPP) ring to produce a new hybrid host. The optoelectronic and structural properties of the calix-CPP hybrid host were also studied.…”