Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and investigation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and DNA cleavage activities

Abstract

Green synthesis is considered to be one of the most suitable method because it enhances the therapeutic effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). In this study, various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage activities of Urtica-mediated green synthesizing Pd NPs were investigated. The synthesized Pd NPs were characterized by using UV-vis, XPS, FT-IR, TEM, and XRD analyses. As a result of the TEM analysis of Pd NPs, the mean particle size was found to be 7.44 ± 1.94 nm, and this result was supported by XRD analysis. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity was determined as 79.6% at 500 mg/L. The newly green synthesized Pd NPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity to gram-negative bacteria than grampositive bacteria. Urtica-mediated green synthesized Pd NPs also showed double strain DNA cleavage activity. For the cytotoxic effects of Pd NPs, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, HT-29 colon cancer cell line, Mia Paca-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line, and healthy cell line L929-Murine fibroblast cell line were used. IC 50 values of Pd NPs against MDA-MB-231, HT-29, and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell lines were calculated as 31.175, 20.383, and 29.335 μg/ml, respectively. No significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the healthy lines L929.

Synthesis methods and applications of palladium nanoparticles: A review

“…Frontiers in Nanotechnology frontiersin.org activity against Callasobruchus maculates agricultural pest (Elango et al, 2017). At the same time, other biogenic Pd NPs exhibited anticancer activity, as those produced by Evolvulus alsinoides leaf extract, which were efficient against A2780 ovarian cancer cells (Gurunathan et al, 2015), and the NPs produced by Urtica, which were efficient against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, HT-29 human colon cancer cells, and MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells (Gulbagca et al, 2021). Some biogenic Pd NPs displayed a wide range of activities.…”

Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles for Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Processes

“…Moreover, recent papers revealed that Pd nanoparticles obtained through a plantmediated biogenic approach are less toxic and biocompatible [33] and present important activity as an antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and antiproliferative [9,10,12,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], and can be used for environmental remediation [45]. Recent examples of the green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles mediated by plant extracts and their application as catalysts are shown in the Table 1.…”

Plant-Mediated Biological Synthesis of Ag-Ago-Ag2O Nanocomposites Using Leaf Extracts of Solanum Elaeagnifolium for Antioxidant, Anticancer, and DNA Cleavage Activities

“…Thereafter, loading dye (0.25% bromphenol blue, 50% glycerol) was mixed into the reaction solution. The resulting mixtures were carried out on an electrophoresis gel using 0.8% agarose gel in TAE buffer (50 mM Tris base, 50 mM acetic acid, 2 mM EDTA, pH: 7.8) at 50 V [54].…”